Paper ID: 2208.00374

Neuro-Symbolic Learning: Principles and Applications in Ophthalmology

Muhammad Hassan, Haifei Guan, Aikaterini Melliou, Yuqi Wang, Qianhui Sun, Sen Zeng, Wen Liang, Yiwei Zhang, Ziheng Zhang, Qiuyue Hu, Yang Liu, Shunkai Shi, Lin An, Shuyue Ma, Ijaz Gul, Muhammad Akmal Rahee, Zhou You, Canyang Zhang, Vijay Kumar Pandey, Yuxing Han, Yongbing Zhang, Ming Xu, Qiming Huang, Jiefu Tan, Qi Xing, Peiwu Qin, Dongmei Yu

Neural networks have been rapidly expanding in recent years, with novel strategies and applications. However, challenges such as interpretability, explainability, robustness, safety, trust, and sensibility remain unsolved in neural network technologies, despite the fact that they will unavoidably be addressed for critical applications. Attempts have been made to overcome the challenges in neural network computing by representing and embedding domain knowledge in terms of symbolic representations. Thus, the neuro-symbolic learning (NeSyL) notion emerged, which incorporates aspects of symbolic representation and bringing common sense into neural networks (NeSyL). In domains where interpretability, reasoning, and explainability are crucial, such as video and image captioning, question-answering and reasoning, health informatics, and genomics, NeSyL has shown promising outcomes. This review presents a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art NeSyL approaches, their principles, advances in machine and deep learning algorithms, applications such as opthalmology, and most importantly, future perspectives of this emerging field.

Submitted: Jul 31, 2022