Paper ID: 2308.02092

N-gram Boosting: Improving Contextual Biasing with Normalized N-gram Targets

Wang Yau Li, Shreekantha Nadig, Karol Chang, Zafarullah Mahmood, Riqiang Wang, Simon Vandieken, Jonas Robertson, Fred Mailhot

Accurate transcription of proper names and technical terms is particularly important in speech-to-text applications for business conversations. These words, which are essential to understanding the conversation, are often rare and therefore likely to be under-represented in text and audio training data, creating a significant challenge in this domain. We present a two-step keyword boosting mechanism that successfully works on normalized unigrams and n-grams rather than just single tokens, which eliminates missing hits issues with boosting raw targets. In addition, we show how adjusting the boosting weight logic avoids over-boosting multi-token keywords. This improves our keyword recognition rate by 26% relative on our proprietary in-domain dataset and 2% on LibriSpeech. This method is particularly useful on targets that involve non-alphabetic characters or have non-standard pronunciations.

Submitted: Aug 4, 2023