Paper ID: 2405.00743

On the weight dynamics of learning networks

Nahal Sharafi, Christoph Martin, Sarah Hallerberg

Neural networks have become a widely adopted tool for tackling a variety of problems in machine learning and artificial intelligence. In this contribution we use the mathematical framework of local stability analysis to gain a deeper understanding of the learning dynamics of feed forward neural networks. Therefore, we derive equations for the tangent operator of the learning dynamics of three-layer networks learning regression tasks. The results are valid for an arbitrary numbers of nodes and arbitrary choices of activation functions. Applying the results to a network learning a regression task, we investigate numerically, how stability indicators relate to the final training-loss. Although the specific results vary with different choices of initial conditions and activation functions, we demonstrate that it is possible to predict the final training loss, by monitoring finite-time Lyapunov exponents or covariant Lyapunov vectors during the training process.

Submitted: Apr 30, 2024