Free Form

Free-form shape modeling and manipulation are active research areas focusing on creating and controlling irregular 3D structures and surfaces. Current efforts leverage machine learning, particularly neural networks and optimization algorithms, to address challenges in form-finding, shape control, and fabrication of these complex geometries, often incorporating techniques like NURBS curves and implicit functions. This research is significant for advancing manufacturing processes (e.g., 3D weaving, robotic manipulation) and improving the accuracy and realism of digital human modeling, impacting fields from architecture and robotics to computer graphics and virtual reality.