Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) aim to optimize fuel efficiency by intelligently managing the interplay between internal combustion engines and electric motors. Current research heavily emphasizes the development of sophisticated energy management systems, often employing reinforcement learning algorithms (like Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient and Q-learning) and data-driven models to achieve optimal fuel consumption and battery state-of-charge balance under diverse driving conditions. These advancements are crucial for improving fuel economy, reducing emissions, and addressing range anxiety, thereby contributing to more sustainable transportation and influencing the design of future autonomous vehicles.