Network Frequency

Electric Network Frequency (ENF), a unique signal embedded in power systems, is increasingly used as a forensic tool for authenticating digital media. Current research focuses on leveraging ENF's spatio-temporal characteristics, employing techniques like spectrograms, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and recurrent neural networks (like BiLSTMs) to detect inconsistencies indicative of tampering or deepfakes in audio and video recordings. These methods show promise in improving the accuracy of multimedia forensics and enhancing the detection of manipulated content, with applications ranging from power grid monitoring to combating disinformation.