Pedicle Screw

Pedicle screw placement in spinal surgery aims for precise fixation, but challenges remain, particularly in osteoporotic bone. Current research focuses on improving accuracy and safety through advancements in image-guided surgery, including GUI-based planning using algorithms like YOLOv5 for vertebra segmentation and augmented reality navigation systems for real-time feedback. These efforts, along with the development of flexible pedicle screws and robot-assisted systems incorporating deep reinforcement learning and vibroacoustic sensing for breach detection, aim to reduce complications, improve surgical outcomes, and minimize radiation exposure. The ultimate goal is to create more efficient, precise, and safer spinal fixation procedures.