Physical Layer

The physical layer in communication systems focuses on the reliable and secure transmission of raw data, encompassing signal processing, channel coding, and modulation techniques. Current research emphasizes enhancing security through methods like physical-layer authentication using channel characteristics as fingerprints, leveraging machine learning (particularly deep learning, including convolutional and recurrent neural networks) for tasks such as jamming detection, and employing generative AI for tasks like channel estimation and waveform optimization. These advancements are crucial for improving the security, efficiency, and reliability of next-generation wireless networks, particularly in challenging environments like underwater acoustics and the increasingly complex 5G/6G landscape.