Presentation Attack Instrument

Presentation attack instruments (PAIs) are tools used to deceive biometric authentication systems, posing a significant security risk. Current research focuses on developing robust and generalizable presentation attack detection (PAD) methods, particularly addressing the challenge of identifying novel PAIs unseen during training. This involves exploring various deep learning architectures, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), vision transformers (ViTs), and diffusion models, often incorporating unsupervised or transfer learning techniques to improve generalization. Effective PAD is crucial for securing biometric systems across various applications, from smartphone authentication to high-stakes security scenarios.