Sea Level

Sea level rise research focuses on accurately predicting future sea levels, considering contributions from melting ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater, to inform coastal planning and mitigation strategies. Current research employs machine learning techniques, such as neural networks (including convolutional and graph neural networks), to efficiently emulate complex ice sheet and sea level models, improving prediction speed and accuracy while quantifying uncertainties. A key challenge involves addressing spatial variability in sea level change, leading to the development of regionally-focused models and improved methods for combining climate model outputs. These advancements enhance the reliability of sea level projections, providing crucial data for coastal communities and policymakers.