Standard Convolutional
Standard convolutional neural networks (CNNs) form the backbone of many computer vision systems, aiming to efficiently extract hierarchical features from images. Current research focuses on improving CNN performance and efficiency through modifications like dilated convolutions with learnable spacings, integrating non-linear activation functions for parameter reduction, and exploring alternative architectures such as Fourier neural operators to achieve resolution invariance. These advancements aim to enhance accuracy, reduce computational costs, and improve robustness against adversarial attacks and distribution shifts, impacting various applications from image classification and segmentation to medical image analysis and document processing.