Traditional Neural Network
Traditional neural networks (NNs) aim to model complex relationships within data by adjusting connection weights between nodes, enabling tasks like classification and regression. Current research focuses on addressing limitations such as frequency bias in learning, limited capacity for long sequences, and the "black box" nature of many models, leading to explorations of novel architectures like Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks, biologically-inspired designs (e.g., cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic models), and methods incorporating symbolic reasoning or grey system theory for improved interpretability and efficiency. These advancements enhance NN performance, particularly in areas with limited data or specific computational constraints, impacting diverse fields from scientific machine learning to natural language processing.