White Matter

White matter, the brain's network of connecting fibers, is a crucial focus of neuroimaging research aiming to understand brain structure and function in health and disease. Current research heavily utilizes diffusion MRI (dMRI) coupled with advanced machine learning techniques, including deep neural networks (e.g., U-Net, Transformers, autoencoders) and graph convolutional networks, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of white matter tract segmentation, parcellation, and analysis. These advancements enable more precise quantification of white matter microstructure, connectivity, and geometry, leading to improved diagnostic capabilities for neurological disorders and a deeper understanding of brain-behavior relationships. The development of robust and generalizable methods, particularly for handling diverse datasets and addressing challenges like noise and artifacts in dMRI data, remains a key area of ongoing investigation.