Subsurface Flow
Subsurface flow modeling aims to predict fluid movement through porous media, crucial for applications like oil extraction and CO2 storage. Current research heavily utilizes deep learning, employing architectures like convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), graph neural networks (GNNs), and U-Nets to create surrogate models that significantly accelerate simulations compared to traditional methods. These models are often enhanced by incorporating physics-based constraints to improve accuracy and generalizability, and are increasingly applied to uncertainty quantification and optimization problems, such as optimal well placement. This accelerates decision-making in resource management and environmental remediation.