Abstract
Recent works in volume rendering, \textit{e.g.} NeRF and 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), significantly advance the rendering quality and efficiency with the help of the learned implicit neural radiance field or 3D Gaussians. Rendering on top of an explicit representation, the vanilla 3DGS and its variants deliver real-time efficiency by optimizing the parametric model with single-view supervision per iteration during training which is adopted from NeRF. Consequently, certain views are overfitted, leading to unsatisfying appearance in novel-view synthesis and imprecise 3D geometries. To solve aforementioned problems, we propose a new 3DGS optimization method embodying four key novel contributions: 1) We transform the conventional single-view training paradigm into a multi-view training strategy. With our proposed multi-view regulation, 3D Gaussian attributes are further optimized without overfitting certain training views. As a general solution, we improve the overall accuracy in a variety of scenarios and different Gaussian variants. 2) Inspired by the benefit introduced by additional views, we further propose a cross-intrinsic guidance scheme, leading to a coarse-to-fine training procedure concerning different resolutions. 3) Built on top of our multi-view regulated training, we further propose a cross-ray densification strategy, densifying more Gaussian kernels in the ray-intersect regions from a selection of views. 4) By further investigating the densification strategy, we found that the effect of densification should be enhanced when certain views are distinct dramatically. As a solution, we propose a novel multi-view augmented densification strategy, where 3D Gaussians are encouraged to get densified to a sufficient number accordingly, resulting in improved reconstruction accuracy.
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Jun 8, 2026cs.CV
Neural radiance field (NeRF) and 3D Gaussian splatting (3DGS) are two mainstream approaches for novel view synthesis. They often show complementary performance, i.e., 3DGS demonstrating faster rendering speed and NeRF demonstrating higher rendering quality. Motivated by this, we propose leveraging NeRF-rendered images for 3DGS. Specifically, we target street scenes and utilize a pre-trained street-specific NeRF method to produce training images for a target 3DGS method. In our 3DGS training, NeRF-rendered images are used to remove transient objects in street-level input views and to generate bird's-eye views as additional views, inheriting the higher-quality rendering of NeRF into 3DGS. We further incorporate a diffusion-based image enhancement to improve the image quality of the additional views. Experimental results on one synthetic and two real datasets demonstrate that our proposed method improves street-scene rendering while preserving the speed of 3DGS and the quality of NeRF.
Mizuki Morikawa, Yuta Shimizu, Chunyu Li +2
Sep 23, 2025cs.CV
Feed-forward 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a highly effective solution for novel view synthesis. Existing methods predominantly rely on a \emph{pixel-aligned} Gaussian prediction paradigm, where each 2D pixel is mapped to a 3D Gaussian. We rethink this widely adopted formulation and identify several inherent limitations: it renders the reconstructed 3D models heavily dependent on the number of input views, leads to view-biased density distributions, and introduces alignment errors, particularly when source views contain occlusions or low texture. To address these challenges, we introduce VolSplat, a new multi-view feed-forward paradigm that replaces pixel alignment with voxel-aligned Gaussians. By directly predicting Gaussians from a predicted 3D voxel grid, it overcomes pixel alignment's reliance on error-prone 2D feature matching, ensuring robust multi-view consistency. Furthermore, it enables adaptive control over density based on 3D scene complexity, yielding more faithful Gaussians, improved geometric consistency, and enhanced novel-view rendering quality. Experiments on widely used benchmarks demonstrate that VolSplat achieves state-of-the-art performance, while producing more plausible and view-consistent results. The video results, code and trained models are available on our project page: https://lhmd.top/volsplat.
Weijie Wang, Yeqing Chen, Zeyu Zhang +9
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3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has recently enabled real-time rendering of unbounded 3D scenes for novel view synthesis. However, this technique requires dense training views to accurately reconstruct 3D geometry. A limited number of input views will significantly degrade reconstruction quality, resulting in artifacts such as "floaters" and "background collapse" at unseen viewpoints. In this work, we introduce SparseGS, an efficient training pipeline designed to address the limitations of 3DGS in scenarios with sparse training views. SparseGS incorporates depth priors, novel depth rendering techniques, and a pruning heuristic to mitigate floater artifacts, alongside an Unseen Viewpoint Regularization module to alleviate background collapses. Our extensive evaluations on the Mip-NeRF360, LLFF, and DTU datasets demonstrate that SparseGS achieves high-quality reconstruction in both unbounded and forward-facing scenarios, with as few as 12 and 3 input images, respectively, while maintaining fast training and real-time rendering capabilities.
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