Narrative Consolidation: Formulating a New Task for Unifying Multi-Perspective Accounts
Authors: Roger A. Finger, Eduardo G. Cortes, Sandro J. Rigo, Gabriel de O. Ramos
Abstract
Processing overlapping narrative documents, such as legal testimonies or historical accounts, often aims not for compression but for a unified, coherent, and chronologically sound text. Standard Multi-Document Summarization (MDS), with its focus on conciseness, fails to preserve narrative flow. This paper formally defines this challenge as a new NLP task, Narrative Consolidation, focusing on chronological integrity, completeness, and the fusion of complementary details. We establish the resources needed to study it: a formal task definition, an evaluation paradigm, the Gospel Consolidation Language Resource -- a benchmark built from the four Biblical Gospels with 169 canonical events, cross-document alignments, and a reference consolidation -- and a suite of reference systems, ranging from timeline-agnostic heuristics to the Temporal Alignment Event Graph (TAEG). Benchmarking yields three findings. First, the explicit temporal backbone is the dominant factor: every system granted the canonical timeline raises ROUGE-L F1 from 0.206 to at least 0.81. Second, on a fusion-style reference, a simple length heuristic is remarkably strong (0.947 ROUGE-L F1), outperforming graph-based selection (0.846). Third, ablations show the discriminative signal resides in temporal edges, while intra-cluster lexical similarity is uninformative. These results establish Narrative Consolidation as a distinct task and pose an open challenge: to surpass that heuristic with a principled selection mechanism and true fusion of complementary details.
We present the shared task on narrative similarity and narrative representation learning - NSNRL (pronounced "nass-na-rel"). The task operationalizes narrative similarity as a binary classification problem: determining which of two stories is more similar to an anchor story. We introduce a novel definition of narrative similarity, compatible with both narrative theory and intuitive judgment. Based on the similarity judgments collected under this concept, we also evaluate narrative embedding representations. We collected at least two annotations each for more than 1,000 story summary triples, with each annotation being backed by at least two annotators in agreement. This paper describes the sampling and annotation process for the dataset; further, we give an overview of the submitted systems and the techniques they employ. We received a total of 71 final submissions from 46 teams across our two tracks. In our triple-based classification setup, LLM ensembles make up many of the top-scoring systems, while in the embedding setup, systems with pre- and post-processing on pretrained embedding models perform about on par with custom fine-tuned solutions. Our analysis identifies potential headroom for improvement of automated systems in both tracks. The task website includes visualizations of embeddings alongside instance-level classification results for all teams.
Hans Ole Hatzel, Ekaterina Artemova, Haimo Paul Stiemer +2
Movie scripts pose a fundamental challenge for automatic summarization due to their non-linear, cross-cut narrative structure, which makes surface-level saliency methods ineffective at preserving core story progression. To address this, we introduce S^2tory (Story Spine Distillation), a narratology-grounded framework that leverages character development trajectories to identify plot nuclei, the essential events that drive the narrative forward, while filtering out peripheral satellite events that merely enrich atmosphere or emotion. Our Narrative Expert Agent (NEAgent) performs theory-constrained reasoning, whose distilled knowledge conditions a small model to identify plot nuclei. Another model then uses these plot nuclei to generate the summary. Experiments on the MovieSum dataset demonstrate state-of-the-art semantic fidelity at approximately 3.5x compression, and zero-shot evaluation on BookSum confirms strong out-of-domain generalization. Human evaluation further validates that narratological theory provides an indispensable foundation for modeling complex, non-linear narratives.
Long documents often distribute important information across extensive narrative passages and multiple tables, making faithful summarization particularly challenging. Existing methods may generate individually supported quantitative facts and analytical statements yet associate them incorrectly, producing quantitatively plausible yet analytically unfaithful summaries. In this work, we propose LOOMSUM, a training-free framework that extracts source-grounded atomic evidence, explicitly links table-derived facts with supporting narrative analyses, and plans the discourse structure before generation. We also introduce Table-Grounded Faithfulness (TGF), a claim-level metric that separately evaluates Numeric Grounding, Analysis Support, and Relation Consistency. Experiments on the text--table summarization benchmarks FINDSum and USTT show that LOOMSUM improves analytical faithfulness while maintaining strong summarization quality. Human evaluation finds positive component-level associations with the corresponding human judgments. Our Relation Consistency metric further shows stronger agreement with human relation judgments than generic factuality metrics, indicating that explicit cross-modal linking helps reduce errors in which supported quantities are paired with incorrect narrative interpretations. Together, these findings show that faithful long text--table summarization requires not only grounding individual facts, but also preserving the relations between them.