SemanticDialect: Semantic-Aware Mixed-Format Quantization for Video Diffusion Transformers
Organizations: Stanford University
Abstract
Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) achieve state-of-the-art video generation quality, but their substantial memory and computational footprints hinder edge deployment. Quantization can reduce these costs, yet existing methods often degrade video quality due to high activation variation and the difficulty of preserving semantic and temporal coherence. We propose SemanticDialect, which advances block-wise mixed-format quantization. In this framework, each block selects an optimal format (dialect) from a candidate set (formatbook), which is augmented with lookup tables that store quantization errors and quantized indices, enabling efficient per-block format selection and quantization with minimal online overhead. We further introduce attention-guided activation decomposition, which reduces quantization error via residual quantization, and semantic-aware dialect assignment (SeDA), which reduces cross-token quantization inconsistency by enforcing format uniformity among semantically correlated tokens. Experiments demonstrate that SemanticDialect outperforms prior quantization methods and block-wise formats (MXFP4, NVFP4) while approaching FP16 quality on Open-Sora 2.0. We also validate hardware deployability through RTL design and GPU kernel implementation.
Figures & tables
| Model | Method | Block [-1pt] Size | Eff. bit [-1pt] (A/W) | Aesthetic [-1pt] Quality | Imaging [-2pt] Quality | Motion [-1pt] Smooth. | Dynamic [-2pt] Degree | Subject [-2pt] Consist. | BG. [-1pt] Consist. | Scene [-1pt] Consist. | SS. [-1pt] Consist. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open-Sora 1.0 factorized attn | FP16 | - | 16 / 16 | 58.00 | 62.03 | 96.41 | 54.17 | 91.51 | 96.43 | 36.17 | 26.14 |
| MXFP4 | 16 | 4.31 / 4.31 | 33.22 | 30.78 | 98.74 | 82.87 | 85.24 | 94.28 | 4.70 | 14.39 | |
| 32 | 4.16 / 4.16 | 34.69 | 37.80 | 98.59 | 84.72 | 85.99 | 94.53 | 5.69 | 15.00 | ||
| NVFP4 | 16 | 4.5 / 4.5 | 51.41 | 52.46 | 97.29 | 56.94 | 88.77 | 95.50 | 16.28 | 23.17 | |
| 32 | 4.25 / 4.25 | 46.82 | 47.26 | 97.90 | 50.00 | 88.80 | 95.61 | 13.42 | 20.88 | ||
| Block Dialect | 16 | 4.56 / 4.56 | 49.03 | 47.65 | 98.02 | 58.80 | 88.25 | 95.12 | 15.72 | 21.97 |
| Model [1pt] | Method [1pt] | Eff. bit [-1pt] (A/W) | Aesthetic [-1pt] Quality | Imaging [-2pt] Quality | Motion [-1pt] Smooth. | Dynamic [-2pt] Degree | Subject [-2pt] Consist. | BG. [-1pt] Consist. | Scene [-1pt] Consist. | SS. [-1pt] Consist. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open-Sora 1.0 | Exact MSE | 45.84 | 50.44 | 98.40 | 45.83 | 90.71 | 95.78 | 9.52 | 19.94 | |
| FB4 (g=32) | 4.31/4.31 | 45.97 | 50.61 | 98.37 | 48.61 | 90.46 | 95.63 | 10.12 | 19.77 | |
| FB4 (g=8) | 45.06 | 50.15 | 98.41 | 44.44 | 90.68 | 95.41 | 9.60 | 19.73 | ||
| Open-Sora 2.0 | Exact MSE | 57.52 | 64.01 | 98.67 | 59.72 | 92.32 | 97.01 | 40.63 | 27.46 | |
| FB4 (g=32) | 4.31/4.31 | 57.62 | 63.31 | 98.67 | 54.17 | 92.35 | 97.03 | 42.63 | 27.54 | |
| FB4 (g=8) | 57.44 | 63.80 | 98.69 | 58.33 | 92.07 | 96.81 | 40.63 | 27.54 |
| Method | Block size | FVD-FP16 ( ) | CLIP-Temp | CLIPSIM | VQA-A | VQA-T | Flow ( ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FP16 | – | – | 0.9987 | 0.1798 | 51.66 | 48.39 | – |
| FB4 | 16 | 1.24 | 0.9983 | 0.1781 | 50.72 | 47.87 | 0.26 |
| +Decomp. | 0.80 | 0.9989 | 0.1751 | 51.01 | 48.14 | 0.31 | |
| +SeDA | 0.76 | 0.9988 | 0.1757 | 51.03 | 48.10 | 0.26 | |
| FB4 | 32 | 1.59 | 0.9986 | 0.1778 | 50.29 | 47.78 | 0.84 |
| +Decomp. | 1.36 | 0.9986 | 0.1758 | 50.88 | 48.06 | 0.55 |
Appendix figures & tables17 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
| Aesthetic quality | Imaging quality | Motion smooth. | Dynamic degree | Subject consist. | BG. consist. | Scene consist. | SS. consist. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FP16 | 58.53 | 65.33 | 97.29 | 47.22 | 93.04 | 95.98 | 25.00 | 25.28 |
| attn_temp.qkv | 56.64 | 59.63 | 97.90 | 44.44 | 93.34 | 96.26 | 25.00 | 25.05 |
| attn_temp.proj | 58.47 | 65.55 | 97.27 | 47.22 | 93.12 | 95.88 | 27.90 | 25.21 |
| attn.qkv | 57.32 | 64.44 | 97.21 | 58.33 | 92.29 | 95.37 | 29.09 | 25.27 |
| attn.proj | 58.37 | 65.15 | 97.18 | 45.83 | 93.07 | 95.95 | 25.30 | 25.62 |
| x_attn.q_linear | 58.92 | 64.99 | 97.04 | 47.22 | 92.44 | 95.93 | 28.94 | 25.16 |
| Aesthetic quality | Imaging quality | Motion smooth. | Dynamic degree | Subject consist. | BG. consist. | Scene consist. | SS. consist. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FP16 | 58.05 | 64.58 | 98.83 | 59.72 | 94.43 | 97.80 | 40.85 | 27.37 |
| img_attn.qkv | 57.74 | 64.51 | 98.80 | 56.94 | 93.83 | 97.74 | 41.07 | 27.40 |
| img_attn.proj | 57.91 | 64.64 | 98.83 | 55.56 | 94.21 | 97.83 | 41.74 | 27.46 |
| img_mlp.0 | 57.35 | 64.81 | 98.63 | 59.72 | 93.51 | 97.27 | 41.44 | 27.61 |
| img_mlp.2 | 57.41 | 64.85 | 98.79 | 55.56 | 94.27 | 97.76 | 41.89 | 27.49 |
| img_mod.lin | 57.90 | 65.31 | 98.71 | 54.17 | 93.65 | 97.57 | 40.63 | 27.42 |
| Method | Aesthetic [-1pt] Quality | Imaging [-2pt] Quality | Motion [-1pt] Smooth. | Dynamic [-2pt] Degree | Subject [-2pt] Consist. | BG. [-1pt] Consist. | Scene [-1pt] Consist. | SS. [-1pt] Consist. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) | Act. decomposition scoring | ||||||||
| Incoming (avg. over queries) | 50.10 | 57.01 | 98.22 | 47.22 | 91.93 | 95.68 | 11.61 | 21.70 | |
| Outgoing (avg. over keys) | 51.25 | 60.00 | 97.62 | 48.61 | 90.74 | 95.04 | 17.04 | 21.99 | |
| (b) | SeDA anchor/corr. scoring | ||||||||
| Post-softmax | 50.97 | 60.26 | 97.57 | 47.22 | 90.44 | 94.92 | 16.74 | 22.08 | |
| Pre-softmax | 51.22 | 60.40 | 97.61 | 47.22 | 91.17 | 94.98 | 20.61 | 22.32 | |
| Method | Aesthetic [-1pt] Quality | Imaging [-2pt] Quality | Motion [-1pt] Smooth. | Dynamic [-2pt] Degree | Subject [-2pt] Consist. | BG. [-1pt] Consist. | Scene [-1pt] Consist. | SS. [-1pt] Consist. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target selection | Timestep range | |||||||||
| Full tensor | Steps 0–24 | 47.90 | 54.30 | 97.98 | 41.67 | 90.28 | 95.42 | 18.01 | 20.66 | |
| Full tensor | Steps 75–99 | 46.19 | 49.68 | 98.57 | 43.06 | 90.74 | 95.41 | 11.46 | 20.12 | |
| Random (25%) | All steps | 51.14 | 58.23 | 98.10 | 47.22 | 91.15 | 95.74 | 16.96 | 21.46 | |
| Top-25% magnitude | All steps | 50.27 | 54.57 | 98.10 | 36.11 | 91.65 | 95.63 | 13.10 | 21.74 | |
| Top-1 mean attn / tile | All steps | 51.25 | 60.00 | 97.62 | 48.61 | 90.74 | 95.04 | 17.04 | 21.99 | |
| Method | Aesthetic [-1pt] Quality | Imaging [-2pt] Quality | Motion [-2pt] Smooth. | Dynamic [-2pt] Degree | Subject [-2pt] Consist. | BG. [-1pt] Consist. | Scene [-1pt] Consist. | SS. [-1pt] Consist. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) | Temporal-axis integration | |||||||||
| Per-frame anchors (2D SeDA) | 51.49 | 60.93 | 97.55 | 45.83 | 91.04 | 94.74 | 14.73 | 22.17 | ||
| Cross-frame main anchor (3D SeDA) | 51.22 | 60.40 | 97.61 | 47.22 | 91.17 | 94.98 | 20.61 | 22.32 | ||
| (b) | Anchor tile | Correlation window | ||||||||
| 50.88 | 60.11 | 97.59 | 48.61 | 91.15 | 95.00 | 18.90 | 22.17 | |||
| 51.07 | 60.18 | 97.58 | 43.06 | 90.67 | 94.81 | 19.12 | 21.92 | |||
| Prompt | Method | Block size | FVD-FP16 ( ) | CLIP-Temp | CLIPSIM | VQA-A | VQA-T | Flow ( ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t2v_sample | NVFP4 | 16 | 1.12 | 0.9978 | 0.1752 | 50.58 | 47.97 | 0.48 |
| FB4 | 16 | 1.24 | 0.9983 | 0.1781 | 50.72 | 47.87 | 0.26 | |
| NVFP4 | 32 | 2.11 | 0.9976 | 0.1775 | 49.91 | 47.43 | 0.21 | |
| FB4 | 32 | 1.59 | 0.9986 | 0.1778 | 50.29 | 47.78 | 0.84 | |
| UCF-101 | NVFP4 | 16 | 67.08 | 0.9971 | 0.2021 | 49.69 | 47.31 | 3.49 |
| FB4 | 16 | 61.80 | 0.9976 | 0.2072 | 49.89 | 47.54 | 1.33 |
| Dataset | Method | FVD-FP16 ( ) | CLIP-Temp | CLIPSIM | VQA-A | VQA-T | Flow ( ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FP16 | - | 0.9973 | 0.2044 | 51.11 | 47.96 | - | |
| UCF-101 | FB4 | 85.86 | 0.9972 | 0.2061 | 48.77 | 46.93 | 3.91 |
| +Decomp. | 67.04 | 0.9972 | 0.2048 | 49.74 | 47.45 | 2.50 | |
| +SeDA | 67.46 | 0.9971 | 0.2050 | 49.75 | 47.46 | 1.36 | |
| FP16 | - | 0.9984 | 0.1953 | 51.54 | 48.15 | - | |
| VBench | FB4 | 62.96 | 0.9980 | 0.1916 | 49.48 | 47.31 | 2.68 |
| Method | Block [-1pt] Size | Aesthetic [-1pt] Quality | Imaging [-2pt] Quality | Motion [-1pt] Smooth. | Dynamic [-2pt] Degree | Subject [-2pt] Consist. | BG. [-1pt] Consist. | Scene [-1pt] Consist. | SS. [-1pt] Consist. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SemanticDialect | 16 | 54.49 | 63.72 | 97.66 | 34.72 | 93.28 | 95.86 | 22.92 | 23.47 |
| SemanticDialect +Rotation | 55.52 | 64.95 | 97.40 | 36.11 | 93.18 | 95.51 | 26.64 | 23.93 | |
| SemanticDialect | 32 | 51.22 | 60.40 | 97.61 | 47.22 | 91.17 | 94.98 | 20.61 | 22.32 |
| SemanticDialect +Rotation | 55.07 | 62.70 | 97.31 | 40.28 | 92.82 | 95.65 | 24.40 | 23.74 |
Diffusion Model Quantization
Diffusion model quantization compresses model weights and activations to reduce inference memory and latency while preserving generated image, video, and speech quality.
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