StreamVoiceAnon+: Emotion-Preserving Streaming Speaker Anonymization via Frame-Level Acoustic Distillation
Authors: Nikita Kuzmin, Kong Aik Lee, Eng Siong Chng
Organizations: Nanyang Technological University, Singapore · Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), A*STAR, Singapore · The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
We address the challenge of preserving emotional content in streaming speaker anonymization (SA). Neural audio codec language models trained for audio continuation tend to degrade source emotion: content tokens discard emotional information, and the model defaults to dominant acoustic patterns rather than preserving paralinguistic attributes. We propose supervised finetuning with neutral-emotion utterance pairs from the same speaker, combined with frame-level emotion distillation on acoustic token hidden states. All modifications are confined to finetuning, which takes less than 2 hours on 4 GPUs and adds zero inference latency overhead, while maintaining a competitive 180ms streaming latency. On the VoicePrivacy 2024 protocol, our approach achieves a 49.2% UAR (emotion preservation) with 5.77% WER (intelligibility), a +24% relative UAR improvement over the baseline (39.7%->49.2%) and +10% over the emotion-prompt variant (44.6% UAR), while maintaining strong privacy (EER 49.0%). Demo and code are available: https://anonymous3842031239.github.io/
Figures & tables
Figure 1: Privacy-emotion trade-off for streaming speaker anonymization methods. Our method (orange star) compared to prior streaming methods (triangles).
Figure 2: Training and inference configurations. Training : prompt and source share the same speaker but differ in emotion, forcing the model to generate emotional output from source content rather than copying prompt-specific patterns. Frame-level emotion distillation ( Lemo , dashed) on Slow AR acoustic hidden states provides additional learning signal. Inference : a neutral utterance from the target anonymous speaker conceals source identity while the finetuned model preserves source emotion; no latency is added over the baseline. The transformer fθ is depicted twice for visual clarity; weights are shared.
Method
Type
Lat.
WER ↓
UAR ↑
EER-L ↑
EER-S ↑
Original
–
–
1.83
70.07
5.16
–
EASY [ 8 ]
Offline
–
2.70
63.81
–
45.89
GenVC-small [ 20 ]
Semi
–
8.20
34.23
48.48
15.94
DarkStream [ 27 ]
Online
200
8.75
34.73
47.26
21.83
TVTSyn [ 19 ]
Online
80
5.35
37.32
47.55
14.57
StreamVoiceAnon [ 7 ]
Table 1: Comparison with prior methods. ↑ / ↓ : higher/lower is better. Lat.: algorithmic latency in ms. EER-L/EER-S: lazy-informed/semi-informed attacker. Semi: semi-streaming. Bold : best streaming result; underline : second best. Only methods with viable privacy (EER-L ≥ 40%) are included, following VoicePrivacy evaluation criteria. Our two variants correspond to Exp4 (pool-distill) and Exp7 (frame-distill) in the ablation study (Table 2 ).
Components
Content ↓
Emotion ↑
Privacy ↑
Model
FT-CREMA
Neu-Emo
[SEP]
StatPool
Causal
Distill
WER
Average
Ang
Hap
Neu
Sad
EER-L
EER-S
Baseline
–
4.54
39.7
35.8
81.9
33.1
8.0
47.19
15.92
Exp1
✓
–
5.00
41.1
36.3
79.6
35.5
13.2
45.70
14.88
Exp2
✓
✓
–
5.16
45.3
35.3
75.9
48.2
21.7
47.31
16.73
Exp3
✓
✓
✓
–
5.25
47.4
34.8
72.9
50.7
31.2
47.46
16.53
Exp4
✓
✓
✓
✓
–
5.08
46.3
40.9
75.1
44.2
25.0
48.62
18.32
Table 2: Ablation study. ✓ indicates active components. StatPool/Causal: aggregation approach. Distill: distillation target branch (Sem = semantic, Aco = acoustic; – = acoustic by default). Bold : best among Exp1–7; underline : second best. All metrics on IEMOCAP following VoicePrivacy 2024 protocol.
Speaker anonymization (SA) aims to conceal speaker identity while preserving linguistic content and emotion, but existing streaming systems often lose emotion information through discrete content bottlenecks or require emotion-specific modeling. We present LiveAnon, a voice-conversion-based streaming SA system that directly conditions an autoregressive codec language model on hidden features from a pretrained streaming ASR encoder, preserving emotion without emotion-specific supervision. To reduce codec-generation latency, we introduce capped RVQ decoding, which preserves dependencies among coarse codebooks while predicting the remaining codebooks in parallel. Under VPC24, LiveAnon improves intelligibility and emotion preservation over fixed-target Stream-Voice-Anon (SVA), a strong prior streaming SA system, matches emotion-prompted SVA in emotion preservation, and achieves the strongest semi-informed privacy among streaming systems. Under VPC26, it ranks second across all metrics among the evaluated anonymization systems, demonstrating a strong privacy-utility balance.
Yejin Kim, Kyungsu Kim, Seungu Han +1
Music and Audio Research Group (MARG) · Department of Intelligence and Information, Seoul National University · Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University
Streaming zero-shot voice conversion struggles to disentangle timbre from linguistic content without degrading utility or inflating latency. Current methods rely on information bottleneck (IB) or speaker perturbation. While IB filters out timbre, it discards prosody, forcing models to explicitly inject features like fundamental frequency. This often requires buffering future frames, creating algorithmic lookahead latency. On the other hand, existing perturbation methods largely overlook the crucial trade-off between timbre leakage and utility preservation. Recognizing this neglected trade-off, we find that the inherent objective of Speaker Anonymization (SA) aligns well with balancing these factors. Thus, we introduce SA as a novel perturbation mechanism to explicitly mitigate timbre leakage while retaining prosodic utility. Crucially, SA's robust representations significantly alleviate the generator's reliance on future context, enabling our strictly causal, zero-lookahead network. Audio samples are available at https://amphionteam.github.io/Zero-VC-demo/.
Yudong Li, Zihao Fang, Junwen Qiu +4
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Shenzhen Transsion Holdings Co., Ltd. · Shenzhen Loop Area Institute +1
Speaker anonymization (SA) systems modify timbre while leaving regional or non-native accent cues intact, which is problematic because such cues can reveal a speaker's first-language or geographic background and narrow the anonymity set. To address this issue, we present PHONOS, a streaming module for real-time SA that performs accent neutralization in a privacy sense: reducing accent-origin cues by converting non-native segmental realizations toward a chosen target accent domain. Our approach pre-generates golden speaker utterances that preserve source timbre and rhythm but replace foreign segmentals with native ones using silence-aware DTW alignment and zero-shot voice conversion. These utterances supervise a causal accent translator that maps non-native content tokens to native equivalents with at most 40ms look-ahead, trained using joint cross-entropy and CTC losses. Our evaluations show an 81% reduction in non-native accent confidence, with listening-test accentedness ratings consistent with this shift. PHONOS also moves outputs away from the original speaker in embedding space, suggesting lower linkability under an embedding-based proxy, while running with ≤241ms end-to-end latency on a single GPU.
Waris Quamer, Mu-Ruei Tseng, Ghady Nasrallah +1
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, US