Existing web-generation benchmarks rely on text prompts or static screenshots as input. However, videos naturally convey richer signals such as interaction flow, transition timing, and motion continuity, which are essential for faithful webpage recreation. Despite this potential, video-conditioned webpage generation remains largely unexplored, with no dedicated benchmark for this task. To fill this gap, we introduce WebVR, a benchmark that evaluates whether MLLMs can faithfully recreate webpages from demonstration videos. WebVR contains 175 webpages across diverse categories, all constructed through a controlled synthesis pipeline rather than web crawling, ensuring varied and realistic demonstrations without overlap with existing online pages. We also design a fine-grained, human-aligned visual rubric that evaluates the generated webpages across multiple dimensions. Experiments on 19 models reveal substantial gaps in recreating fine-grained style and motion quality, while the rubric-based automatic evaluation achieves 96% agreement with human preferences. We release the dataset, evaluation toolkit, and baseline results to support future research on video-to-webpage generation.
Figures & tables
Figure 1: Overview of the WebVR benchmark. The left panel illustrates the task distribution across various webpage categories, while the right panel details the automated evaluation pipeline, which executes generated code in a standardized sandbox and scores it against human-aligned visual rubrics.
Figure 2: A case study illustrating the conversion from an original video into generated code and its rendered video output.
Figure 3: The WebVR data synthesis pipeline. The process consists of four stages: (A) Seed Data Preparation via semantic re-theming, (B) Visual Asset Retrieval to ground specifications, (C) Candidate Generation and Execution using multiple MLLMs, and (D) Automated Filtering and Refinement to construct the final high-quality benchmark set.
Figure 4: Statistics of the WebVR benchmark dataset, showing the distributions of (a) reference video durations (in seconds) and (b) the number of visual rubric items per instance.
Model
GA
NF
SSL
IM
Overall
Open-source Models
GLM-4.6V
22.78
15.42
7.17
14.35
11.42
Qwen3-VL-30B-A3B-Instruct
33.33
34.87
17.71
12.67
21.44
Qwen3-VL-30B-A3B-Thinking
53.38
60.47
33.49
20.22
37.69
Qwen3-VL-235B-A22B-Instruct
51.06
52.65
40.09
22.12
40.71
Qwen3-VL-235B-A22B-Thinking
61.20
68.04
43.11
29.30
46.80
Table 2: Results of the WebVR Benchmark. Joint evaluation based on code and rendered video, using Kimi-K2.5 as the evaluator. The best results are marked in orange , and the second best results are marked with an underline .
Figure 5: Hashed bars represent scores assigned without the visual rubric, while solid bars represent scores with the rubric applied. Note the inflated and compressed scoring distribution when the rubric is absent.
Evaluation Type
Gemini-3.0-Flash
Qwen3.5-397B-A17B
Kimi-K2.5
Average
Without Visual Rubric
Code Only
56.0
62.0
60.0
59.3
Video Only
62.0
66.0
72.0
66.7
Code and Video
58.0
58.0
76.0
64.0
Average
58.7
62.0
69.3
-
With Visual Rubric
Table 3: Agreement rates (%) between automated MLLM judges and human experts. Evaluated on 50 sampled instances, the table contrasts judge reliability with and without the visual rubric across different input modalities.
Figure 6: Representative failure cases across four models on the same webpage instance. Gemini-2.5-Flash produces a nearly invalid page with missing content. GLM-4.6V generates a structurally unrelated page that deviates entirely from the reference layout and theme. Qwen3-VL-235B-A22B-Thinking reproduces the overall structure but places images in incorrect locations with wrong references. Kimi-K2.5 achieves near-perfect reconstruction, with only minor inconsistencies in image overlap positioning.
Model
Temperature
Top-p
Top-k
Max_tokens
Extra penalties
GLM-4.6V
0.6
–
2
16k
repetition =1.1
Qwen3-VL-30B-A3B-Instruct
0.6
0.95
20
32k
presence =0.0 , repetition =1.0
Qwen3-VL-30B-A3B-Thinking
0.6
0.95
20
32k
presence =0.0 , repetition =1.0
Qwen3-VL-235B-A22B-Instruct
0.7
0.80
20
32k
presence =1.5 , repetition =1.0
Qwen3-VL-235B-A22B-Thinking
0.6
0.95
20
32k
presence =0.0 , repetition =1.0
Qwen3.5-VL-397B-A17B
0.6
0.95
20
32k
presence =0.0 , repetition =1.0
Table 4: Inference-time generation parameters for evaluated models on WebVR.
Recent vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promising progress in generating webpages from visual inputs, yet existing evaluations mainly focus on short, single-screen, and largely static webpages. We introduce LongWebBench, a benchmark for evaluating long-horizon webpage generation from both structural and functional perspectives. LongWebBench contains 490 real-world long webpages for structural fidelity evaluation and 507 goal-oriented interaction tasks over 129 webpages for functional evaluation. It employs two complementary protocols: a multi-dimensional VLM-based metric for assessing long-range structural coherence, and a DOM-augmented agent-based pipeline for end-to-end functional verification. We further examine the automatic evaluation protocols through human agreement analysis. Experiments with state-of-the-art open-source and proprietary VLMs under single-image and multi-image settings reveal that structural fidelity degrades as webpage length increases, while visually plausible generations often fail to support executable multi-step interactions. These results highlight the need to evaluate long webpage generation beyond visual similarity, with executable interaction as a core criterion. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/zheny2751-dotcom/LongWebBench.
Yi Zhao, Zhen Yang, Mengpan Chen +5
Tsinghua University · Yanshan University · University of Waterloo +1
Natural-language-driven "vibe coding" enables the one-shot generation of visually rich and interactive web applications, yet reliable assessment of their quality has not kept pace. Existing evaluations often score isolated artifacts or final task outcomes, offering limited evidence about which failures occur and why. We introduce VideoVIBE, a video-grounded benchmark that transforms human-operated webpage recordings into fine-grained diagnostic tasks. It contains approximately 1.7K diagnostic Video QA instances derived from 6,338 verified failures across generated webpages, spanning semantic-logical, visual-motion, structural-temporal, and functional failures. Diagnoses are grounded primarily in recorded presentation and behavior, with webpage source code used as complementary context. We further propose V2Lens, a training-free, evidence-grounded multi-agent system that challenges and selectively refines initial video-based diagnoses through targeted visual and source-code verification. Across thirteen closed-source and open-weight Video MLLMs, Gemini-2.5-Flash is the strongest standalone model with a score of 64.54, while V2Lens reaches 71.72, an improvement of 7.18 points. Together, our results show that video-grounded evaluation can move beyond isolated artifacts and aggregate outcomes toward a behaviorally faithful and diagnostically informative account of generated application quality.
Jiajun Xu, Yanghao Zhou, Jingyun Liao +6
University of Technology Sydney · Beijing Institute of Technology · Hunan University +4
Recent video generation models can produce highly realistic videos from natural language instructions, with visual quality approaching cinematic standards. Existing evaluation benchmarks, however, predominantly assess visual quality, aesthetic appeal and physical plausibility, while paying limited attention to text, an essential medium for conveying information in everyday scenes. A generated video may appear visually compelling and feature lifelike subjects, yet still render the text within the scene incorrectly. To address this overlooked dimension, we introduce VTR-Bench, a systematic benchmark for evaluating the Visual Text Rendering capabilities of video generation models. VTR-Bench situates text within concrete application scenarios, such as advertisements and scientific videos, with 300 carefully constructed prompts spanning five scenario categories. We develop an automated evaluation pipeline with human alignments that separately assesses text fidelity through carrier-specific transcription and scene and motion requirements through a prompt-specific chain of query. Beyond evaluation, we introduce a Keyframe-Guided Agentic Framework in which a Director agent coordinates image and video generation with visual evaluation, guiding iterative refinement and candidate selection through visual feedback. Experiments on 11 state-of-the-art models reveal widespread difficulties in accurately rendering scene text, with the best-performing model recording an overall word error rate (WER) of 0.250. We further analyze text rendering failures to characterize the challenges faced by current video generation models. These findings highlight visual text rendering as a key challenge for video generation and demonstrate a practical path toward improvement. Code is available at https://github.com/hardenyu21/VTR-Bench.
Yu Huang, Jungang Li, Zhiyuan Wang +8
Department of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · Westlake University +3