VID-AD: A Dataset for Image-Level Logical Anomaly Detection under Vision-Induced Distraction

Detectors of logical anomalies, such as missing, extra or wrongly combined parts, usually score a test image by its distance from normal (good) images. They achieve near-perfect image-level AUROC on standard industrial anomaly detection benchmarks such as MVTec LOCO, but their robustness to changes in capture conditions remains largely unexamined. Under a heterogeneous perturbation protocol in which each test image is randomly kept unaltered or subjected to a brightness reduction or a zoom-out transformation, the normal-reference methods we tested lose 9.7 to 34.1 AUROC points, and two of the strongest, CSAD and SALAD, fall from 97.7% and 96.4% to 68.1% and 62.3%. We propose a framework in which a classifier, trained on normal images and on synthetic anomalies, scores a test image without comparing it with normal data. From a short description of each product, a language model derives anomaly types and editing instructions, an image editor applies them to normal images, and the classifier learns to separate the edited images from automatically discovered normal sub-modes. With its full training recipe, the framework reaches 94.9% AUROC on clean images, 1.5 to 2.8 points below SALAD and CSAD, and 94.1% under the perturbation protocol. Trained without brightness or zoom-out augmentation, so that neither test perturbation occurs in training, it still reaches 92.5% (93.2% clean). These results suggest that clean benchmark scores can hide a strong sensitivity to capture conditions, and that learning the decision from both normal images and rule violations may reduce it.

Visual anomaly detection is a fundamental task in industrial automation. While existing approaches have achieved notable progress in identifying structural defects, the detection of logical anomalies remains relatively underexplored. In practice, structural and logical anomalies frequently co-occur in industrial workflows. Therefore, a solution capable of detecting both structural and logical anomalies is crucial for advancing comprehensive anomaly detection research. To address this limitation, we propose a unified framework, termed UniSLAD, which jointly addresses logical and structural anomalies without additional training, enabling a practical solution for dynamic industrial environments. First, we introduce a dual-feature extractor that synergistically integrates a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) backbone for local texture perception with a Transformer backbone for global contextual reasoning, yielding richer and more comprehensive representations. Building on this foundation, we design dual-granularity feature representation modules. At the patch level, memory banks enhanced by the Mahalanobis Transform (MT) preserve representative features and support more discriminative anomaly scoring. At the image level, distribution maps are aggregated using Lower-Upper Mean (LUM) and Power Mean Pooling (PMP), yielding a more robust global representation than conventional average pooling. Extensive experiments on the two industrial benchmarks demonstrate that UniSLAD achieves competitive performance in comprehensive anomaly detection, achieving 99.4% and 93.1%, respectively. Furthermore, ablation studies verify the individual contributions and effectiveness of each proposed component.

Few-shot anomaly detection (FSAD) has recently benefited from vision-language models such as CLIP, which enable anomaly de?tection by aligning visual features with text descriptions of normal and abnormal states. However, existing methods typically rely on static text prompts that are applied uniformly across the entire feature hierarchy and spatial dimensions. This rigid global-to-local matching fails to capture the highly localized and scale-dependent physical variations of industrial defects. To address this, we propose DriftAD, a FSAD framework built on three key modules. First, an Anomaly Signal Amplification (ASA) module enhances subtle defect signals through spatial and frequency branches before text-visual matching. Second, Visually-Guided Text Drift (VGTD) dynamically transforms frozen CLIP text embeddings, steering them into layer?wise, spatially-adaptive anomaly descriptors conditioned on local visual context at each encoder depth. Third, Drift-Guided Spatial Gating (DGSG) uses the drifted abnormal descriptor as a spatial probe to selectively enhance anomaly-relevant visual features. Addi?tionally, a drift separation loss prevents representational collapse of the drifted descriptors, and a gate supervision loss enforces spatially discriminative gating in DGSG. Extensive experiments on MVTec?AD and VisA demonstrate state-of-the-art performance across all 1-, 2-, and 4-shot settings on both image-level and pixel-level metrics. Code is available at https://github.com/wenyang001/DriftAD.