Existing text-to-video retrieval benchmarks often permit matching from static appearance, making it difficult to determine whether models capture state changes and final outcomes. We introduce GenState-AI, a benchmark comprising 956 AI-generated videos and 195 verified state-change queries across Toy, Cartoon, Home, and Manipulation domains. Its construction uses prompt-controlled variants that target either conflicting temporal/state outcomes or semantic substitutions. Following human verification, all valid videos contribute to subset-level retrieval pools, while complete query-specific triplets support diagnostic hard-negative ordering. We evaluate VCF-Lik, Qwen3-VL, and LanguageBind using both standard Recall@K and triplet-based consistency metrics. Qwen3-VL (8B) achieves the best macro-average R@1 and triplet consistency, while LanguageBind obtains the highest semantic discrimination accuracy. However, stronger retrieval does not consistently yield correct hard-negative ordering, and Qwen3-VL and LanguageBind remain weak on Manipulation triplets, where VCF-Lik performs substantially better. GenState-AI therefore provides a controlled diagnostic testbed for distinguishing global retrieval quality from fine-grained temporal and semantic grounding in AI-generated videos.
Figures & tables
Figure 1: Overview of the GenState-AI construction and evaluation pipeline, including prompt-triplet construction, AI-based video generation, human verification and filtering, and retrieval evaluation.
Category
Number of Queries
Avg. Tokens
Home
127
20.1
Toy
21
26.8
Cartoon
24
30.7
Manipulation
23
14.7
Total
195
21.5
Table 1: Number of query descriptions per video category in our GenState-AI dataset, along with the average token length, computed using the Qwen2.5-1.5B tokenizer.
Category
#Videos
Resolution
FPS
Duration (s)
Size
Home
368
1280×704
24
5
2.53 GB
Toy
221
1280×704
24
5
1.01 GB
Cartoon
150
1280×704
24
5
522 MB
Manipulation
217
1280×704
24
5
1.92 GB
Total
956
5.98 GB
Table 2: Statistics of our video dataset. Each video has a resolution of 1280×704 (720p) at 24 FPS and lasts about 5 seconds (121 frames).
Subset
Baseline
R@1
R@5
R@10
Acc temp
Acc sem
Acc tri
Toy
VCF-Lik
0.381
0.714
0.857
0.619
0.810
0.524
Qwen3-VL (2B)
0.571
0.952
0.952
0.667
0.905
0.667
Qwen3-VL (8B)
0.667
0.952
1.000
0.762
0.905
0.714
LanguageBind
0.571
0.905
0.952
0.619
0.857
0.619
Cartoon
VCF-Lik
0.250
0.708
0.708
0.500
0.833
0.417
Qwen3-VL (2B)
0.708
1.000
1.000
0.792
0.875
0.750
Table 3: Performance comparison of the baselines across different subsets on GenState-AI. The Avg. row reports the macro average over the four subsets. Best results are highlighted in bold . Recall@K uses all videos in each corresponding subset pool and retains all 195 queries; the three triplet accuracies use the 154 complete triplets and exclude 41 incomplete groups.
Appendix figures & tables5 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
Subset
Model
Context
R@1
R@5
R@10
Acc temp
Acc sem
Acc tri
Cartoon
Qwen3-VL (2B)
Full
0.708
1.000
1.000
0.792
0.875
0.750
Qwen3-VL (2B)
Last
0.625
0.833
0.917
0.708
0.917
0.667
Qwen3-VL (8B)
Full
0.667
1.000
1.000
0.792
0.958
0.750
Qwen3-VL (8B)
Last
0.625
0.958
1.000
0.667
0.958
0.667
LanguageBind
Full
0.833
0.958
1.000
0.833
1.000
0.833
LanguageBind
Last
0.750
0.958
0.958
0.750
0.917
0.750
Appendix
Table 4: Full subset-level ablation comparing full-video context (5 frames) against static last-frame context. Recall@K uses all videos in each corresponding subset pool and retains all 195 queries, whereas the triplet accuracies use the 154 complete query-specific triplets; 41 incomplete query groups are excluded.
Subset
Frames
R@1
R@5
R@10
Acc temp
Acc sem
Acc tri
Toy
5
0.571
0.905
0.952
0.619
0.857
0.619
Toy
8
0.571
0.905
0.952
0.619
0.857
0.619
Cartoon
5
0.833
0.958
1.000
0.833
1.000
0.833
Cartoon
8
0.750
1.000
1.000
0.792
1.000
0.792
Home
5
0.441
0.890
0.969
0.716
0.989
0.716
Home
8
0.504
0.921
0.984
0.750
0.989
0.750
Appendix
Table 5: LanguageBind frame-sampling sensitivity. The 5-frame setting is used in the main tables for protocol consistency. Recall@K uses each corresponding complete subset pool; triplet accuracies use the 154 complete triplets.
Subset pool
956-video pool
Subset
R@1
R@5
R@10
R@1
R@5
R@10
Toy
0.381
0.714
0.857
0.381
0.714
0.857
Cartoon
0.250
0.708
0.708
0.208
0.417
0.625
Home
0.386
0.512
0.591
0.386
0.512
0.591
Manip.
0.478
0.870
0.957
0.478
0.870
0.957
Appendix
Table 6: VCF-Lik Recall using the Table 3 subset pools versus all 956 videos.
Figure 3: Comparison of relative-order distributions across subsets under LanguageBind . Counts and percentages are computed from the complete triplets available for each subset (154 in total).
Figure 4: Representative triplet-ordering failures under VCF-Lik ; higher-ranked negatives appear above the main video. In Toy , Rank 1 is a temporal negative showing the same rubber duck moving from left to right beside a gift box, while the Rank 2 target shows the duck moving from right to left; Rank 3 is a semantic negative featuring a jumping cartoon owl. Thus, the same-object clip with opposite motion outranks the target. In Home , Rank 1 is a semantic negative showing a girl moving a potted plant to a windowsill, Rank 2 is a temporal negative showing her lifting and laying down a blue blanket, and the Rank 3 target shows her picking up a book. This ordering illustrates difficulty distinguishing the target action from hard negatives in a similar visual context.
As video content creation shifts toward long-form narratives, composing short clips into coherent storylines becomes increasingly important. However, prevailing retrieval formulations remain context-agnostic at inference time, prioritizing local semantic alignment while neglecting state and identity consistency. To address this structural limitation, we formalize the task of Consistent Video Retrieval (CVR) and introduce a diagnostic benchmark spanning YouCook2, COIN, and CrossTask. We propose CAST (Context-Aware State Transition), a lightweight, plug-and-play adapter compatible with diverse frozen vision-language embedding spaces. By predicting a state-conditioned residual update (Δ) from visual history, CAST introduces an explicit inductive bias for latent state evolution. Extensive experiments show that CAST improves performance on YouCook2 and CrossTask, remains competitive on COIN, and consistently outperforms zero-shot baselines across diverse foundation backbones. Furthermore, CAST provides a useful reranking signal for black-box video generation candidates (e.g., from Veo), promoting more temporally coherent continuations.
Yanqing Liu, Yingcheng Liu, Fanghong Dong +3
Google · University of California, Santa Cruz · MIT
Recent video generation models can produce highly realistic videos from natural language instructions, with visual quality approaching cinematic standards. Existing evaluation benchmarks, however, predominantly assess visual quality, aesthetic appeal and physical plausibility, while paying limited attention to text, an essential medium for conveying information in everyday scenes. A generated video may appear visually compelling and feature lifelike subjects, yet still render the text within the scene incorrectly. To address this overlooked dimension, we introduce VTR-Bench, a systematic benchmark for evaluating the Visual Text Rendering capabilities of video generation models. VTR-Bench situates text within concrete application scenarios, such as advertisements and scientific videos, with 300 carefully constructed prompts spanning five scenario categories. We develop an automated evaluation pipeline with human alignments that separately assesses text fidelity through carrier-specific transcription and scene and motion requirements through a prompt-specific chain of query. Beyond evaluation, we introduce a Keyframe-Guided Agentic Framework in which a Director agent coordinates image and video generation with visual evaluation, guiding iterative refinement and candidate selection through visual feedback. Experiments on 11 state-of-the-art models reveal widespread difficulties in accurately rendering scene text, with the best-performing model recording an overall word error rate (WER) of 0.250. We further analyze text rendering failures to characterize the challenges faced by current video generation models. These findings highlight visual text rendering as a key challenge for video generation and demonstrate a practical path toward improvement. Code is available at https://github.com/hardenyu21/VTR-Bench.
Yu Huang, Jungang Li, Zhiyuan Wang +8
Department of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · Westlake University +3
Text-to-video generation has advanced rapidly in visual quality, but remains under-evaluated for factuality and practical usefulness. We introduce knowledge-intensive video generation (KIVI), where models generate videos from short information-seeking prompts that ask for explanations, procedures, or demonstrations. To evaluate this setting, we construct KIVI-Bench, a benchmark of 1,080 prompts, and propose automatic metrics for factuality and helpfulness. Human evaluation shows that our metrics significantly better align with human annotations than existing alternatives. Experiments on seven state-of-the-art video generation models show that current systems still lag behind human performance, especially on visual properties, procedural operations, and clear information presentation. These results highlight KIVI as a challenging direction for factual and instructionally useful video generation.