We present KAT-Coder-V2, an agentic coding model developed by the KwaiKAT team at Kuaishou. KAT-Coder-V2 adopts a "Specialize-then-Unify" paradigm that decomposes agentic coding into five expert domains - SWE, WebCoding, Terminal, WebSearch, and General - each undergoing independent supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning, before being consolidated into a single model via on-policy distillation. We develop KwaiEnv, a modular infrastructure sustaining tens of thousands of concurrent sandbox instances, and scale RL training along task complexity, intent alignment, and scaffold generalization. We further propose MCLA for stabilizing MoE RL training and Tree Training for eliminating redundant computation over tree-structured trajectories with up to 6.2x speedup. KAT-Coder-V2 achieves 79.6% on SWE-bench Verified (vs. Claude Opus 4.6 at 80.8%), 88.7 on PinchBench (surpassing GLM-5 and MiniMax M2.7), ranks first across all three frontend aesthetics scenarios, and maintains strong generalist scores on Terminal-Bench Hard (46.8) and tau^2-Bench (93.9). Our model is publicly available at https://streamlake.com/product/kat-coder.
Figures & tables
Figure 1: Results of KAT-Coder-V2 and Claude Opus 4.6 across different scaffolds on various software engineering benchmarks.
Figure 2: KwaiEnv Workflow for SWE Tasks, Supporting Key Processes Including Data Synthesis, RL, and Evaluation
Expert
Scenario
Key Methodology
SWE
Issue resolution
Issue-PR pairing with merge-status supervision; AutoBuilder for verifiable task synthesis (F2P+P2P); Code Comprehension trajectory synthesis
Table 1: Overview of the five expert domains in the SFT stage.
Figure 3: Overview of the Issue-PR data construction pipeline. Merged PRs serve as anchor points for bidirectional Issue–PR mapping and code diff extraction, with merge status providing natural correctness supervision. The reconstructed engineering chains are decomposed into retrieval and editing tasks, then filtered through multi-stage quality control to yield over 2M training samples.
Figure 4: Overview of the AutoBuilder pipeline for automated SWE task synthesis from open-source repositories.
Figure 5: Overview of Tree Training in agentic RL.
Figure 6: Overview of the RL and sandbox framework.
Benchmark
Scaffold
KAT-Coder-V2
Claude Opus 4.6
SWE-bench Verified
Claude Code
79.6
80.8 ∗
OpenCode
74.8
75.0
OpenClaw
72.8
75.7
SWE-bench Multilingual
Claude Code
75.4
77.8 ∗
OpenCode
71.2
70.2
SWE-rebench-V2 (subset)
Claude Code
43.3
43.7
Table 2: Evaluation Results on Software Engineering Tasks under Multiple Scaffolds. Data points marked with * are taken from https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-opus-4-6. Other data points are evaluated on KwaiEnv.
Benchmark
Scaffold
KAT-Coder-V2
GLM-5
MiniMax
Claude
GPT-5.4
Gemini
M2.7
Opus 4.6
3.1 Pro
PinchBench
Best Score
88.7
86.4
87.1
87.4
90.5
86.7
Average Score
81.9
80.3
81.8
82.3
81.6
75.9
Claw-Eval
Pass ˆ 3
55.6
57.7
51.9
66.3
66.3
50.0
Average Score
73.4
73.0
70.7
79.3
80.6
74.2
Table 3: Evaluation Results on Real-World Agent Benchmarks under OpenClaw. Data points of other models are taken from https://pinchbench.com/ and https://claw-eval.github.io/ (retrieved on March 25, 2026).
Benchmark
KAT-Coder-V2
GLM-5
Kimi K2.5
Landing Page
59.8
57.6
54.6
Slides
57.6
42.8
34.8
Data Visualization
67.6
42.4
46.0
Table 4: Evaluation Results on Frontend Generation Task.
Figure 7: Frontend Generation Results of KAT-Coder-V2.
Benchmark
KAT-Coder-V2
GLM-5
MiniMax
Claude
GPT-5.4
Gemini
M2.7
Opus 4.6
3.1 Pro
Terminal-Bench Hard
46.8
43.2
39.4
46.2
57.6
53.8
τ2 -Bench Telecom
93.9
98.2
84.8
92.1
91.5
95.6
AA-LCR
68.0
63.3
68.7
70.7
74.0
72.7
IFBench
67.0
72.3
75.7
53.1
73.9
77.1
Table 5: Evaluation Results on General Task. Data points of KAT-Coder-V2 are evaluated on KwaiEnv. Data points of other models are from https://artificialanalysis.ai/evaluations (retrieved on March 25, 2026).
We present KAT-Coder-V2.5, a coding-focused agentic model trained to act autonomously inside real, executable repositories rather than as a single-turn code generator. Its capability is bottlenecked less by model scale than by the scarcity of reproducible environments, verifiable rewards, and high-value trajectories, which we address with an end-to-end agentic post-training framework. AutoBuilder reconstructs multilingual repositories into sandboxed environments with fail-to-pass and pass-to-pass verification at scale, from which we regenerate self-contained task specifications, recover near-miss trajectories, and distill supervision through process-aware filtering, while KwaiClawEnv synthesizes large-scale tool-use trajectories from executable services and real task seeds. We further scale reinforcement learning with harness randomization, a reliability-hardened sandbox, an asymmetric actor--critic PPO with hindsight-augmented value estimation, and a harness-oriented reward framework, and unify SWE, Agent-Claw, and WebCoding experts via Multi-Teacher On-Policy Distillation. Across six software-engineering and agentic benchmarks, KAT-Coder-V2.5 delivers the best agentic tool-use result on PinchBench and ranks second only to the frontier Opus 4.8 on repository-level software engineering. Our service is available at https://streamlake.com/product/kat-coder.
We present Qwen3-Coder-Next, an open-weight language model specialized for coding agents. Qwen3-Coder-Next is an 80-billion-parameter model that activates only 3 billion parameters during inference, enabling strong coding capability with efficient inference. In this work, we explore how far strong training recipes can push the capability limits of models with small parameter footprints. To achieve this, we perform agentic training through large-scale synthesis of verifiable coding tasks paired with executable environments, allowing learning directly from environment feedback via mid-training and reinforcement learning. Across agent-centric benchmarks including SWE-Bench and Terminal-Bench, Qwen3-Coder-Next achieves competitive performance relative to its active parameter count. We release both base and instruction-tuned open-weight versions to support research and real-world coding agent development.
Coding agents often fail in the last mile: they build most of a feature but drop a requirement, test only the cases their implementation already handles, break behavior that was supposed to stay intact, or validate against an unchecked assumption. We ask whether reinforcement learning (RL) on expert-built agentic coding tasks closes this gap, and whether what the agent learns transfers beyond the training distribution. We post-train Kimi K2.7 Code, a 1T-parameter (32B active) open-weight mixture-of-experts model, with RL alone on 1,700 tasks: 1,000 repository tasks graded by hidden fail-to-pass tests and by pass-to-pass tests of existing behavior, and 700 terminal tasks graded by expert-written hidden verifiers. The reward is the fraction of target checks passed and drops to zero if any pass-to-pass test fails. One epoch of GSPO on a rank-32 LoRA adapter improves pass@1 on each of the six external benchmarks we evaluated, across three agent harnesses: SWE-Bench Pro (60.1 to 64.8), DeepSWE (31.0 to 43.4), Terminal-Bench 2.1 (67.4 to 82.0), Terminal-Bench 3 (1.4 to 12.1), Terminal-Bench 4 (0.0 to 7.6), and SWE-Marathon (5.0 to 25.0). Pooled over the five independent task sets (Terminal-Bench 4 revises Terminal-Bench 3), the improvement is significant (p < 0.001), and it remains significant on the three sets released after the training data was collected (p = 0.004); the model also improves under both harnesses never used in training. Median trajectories on DeepSWE and Terminal-Bench 3 are 24-35% shorter in agent steps. The base model's failed DeepSWE runs are mostly near-misses, and on the tasks the trained model newly solves, paired trajectories show it avoiding each of the four failure modes above.