DRBENCHER: Can Your Agent Identify the Entity, Retrieve Its Properties and Do the Math?
Organizations: IBM Research
Abstract
Deep research agents increasingly interleave web browsing with multi-step computation, yet existing benchmarks evaluate these capabilities in isolation, creating a blind spot in assessing real-world performance. We introduce DRBENCHER, a synthetic benchmark generator for questions that require both browsing and computation, synthesized answer-first from knowledge-graph chains with no seed passages or provenance text. It enforces four criteria: verifiability (gold answers are computed by executing parameterized code over knowledge-graph values), complexity (multi-hop entity identification, property retrieval, and domain-specific computation), difficulty (a two-stage verification cascade filters out questions solvable by the generating model), and diversity (a greedy max-min embedding filter maximizes coverage). These criteria are realized via a unified answer-first pipeline spanning five domains: biochemistry, financial, geophysical, security, and history. Human evaluation shows 76% validity, with 35% of errors due to outdated knowledge-graph entries, highlighting an inherent limitation of systems that reason over evolving data. Automatic evaluation shows that the strongest frontier model achieves only 20% answer accuracy. Compared to manually constructed benchmarks (BrowseComp+, MATH-500, GPQA), DRBENCHER achieves the highest semantic diversity. We release DrBencher pipeline and the human-verified benchmark data at https://github.com/IBM/DrBencher.
Figures & tables
| Benchmark | Multihop | HybridQ | Prog. gold | Syn | KG | Comp. calib. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HotpotQA ( Yang et al., 2018 ) | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| MATH ( Hendrycks et al., 2021b ) | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| MuSiQue ( Trivedi et al., 2022 ) | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| LC-QuAD ( Trivedi et al., 2017 ) | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| GAIA ( Mialon et al., 2024 ) | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| AutoBencher ( Li et al., 2025 ) | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
| Domain | QAs | Tmpl. | Top. | Art. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biochem | 53 | 21 | 20 | 491 |
| Financial | 104 | 35 | 47 | 558 |
| Geophysical | 76 | 33 | 26 | 405 |
| History | 73 | 26 | 19 | 388 |
| Security | 48 | 14 | 23 | 140 |
| Total | 354 | 129 | 135 | 1982 |
| Domain | Err | DB | LLM | MH | Amb | Ent | Acc | Acc* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geophysical | 76 | 11 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 85.5 | 86.8 |
| History | 73 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 84.9 | 90.4 |
| Biochemistry | 53 | 16 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 69.8 | 73.6 |
| Security | 48 | 13 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 72.9 | 75.0 |
| Financial | 104 | 35 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 66.3 | 87.5 |
| Total | 354 | 86 | 30 | 19 | 4 | 24 | 9 | 75.7 | 84.2 |
| Biochem | Financial | Geophysical | History | Security | All | |||||||
| 37 | 69 | 65 | 62 | 35 | 268 | |||||||
| Model | Ent | Ans | Ent | Ans | Ent | Ans | Ent | Ans | Ent | Ans | Ent | Ans |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | 80.2 | 35.1 | 94.2 | 10.6 | 77.4 | 20.0 | 82.8 | 30.6 | 98.1 | 4.8 | 86.1 | 20.1 |
| Gemini 2.5 Flash | 57.7 | 28.8 | 88.9 | 7.7 | 72.3 | 26.7 | 79.6 | 24.7 | 81.0 | 1.9 | 77.4 | 18.4 |
| GPT-5.2 | 67.6 | 14.4 | 93.7 | 3.9 | 79.5 | 10.3 | 77.4 | 22.0 | 87.6 | 0.0 | 82.1 | 10.6 |
| Llama 4 Maverick | 64.0 | 27.9 | 82.1 | 6.3 | 69.7 | 21.5 | 81.7 | 30.6 | 74.3 | 1.0 | 75.5 | 17.9 |
| Domain | GPT | Llama | Shared | %GPT Llama | Gold |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biochem | 21 | 41 | 16 | 76.2 | 16/16 |
| Financial | 18 | 37 | 13 | 72.2 | 13/13 |
| Geophysical | 41 | 61 | 31 | 75.6 | 31/31 |
| History | 21 | 34 | 18 | 85.7 | 18/18 |
| Security | 12 | 20 | 11 | 91.7 | 11/11 |
| Total | 113 | 193 | 89 | 78.8 | 89/89 |
Appendix figures & tables12 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Architecture | MoE, 120B parameters |
| Quantization | MXFP4 |
| Precision | bfloat16 |
| Tensor parallel size | 8 |
| GPU memory utilization | 0.9 |
| Max sequence length | 131,072 tokens |
| Parameter | V1 | V2 |
|---|---|---|
| Samples per question ( ) | 10 | 10 |
| Sampling temperature | 0.7 | 1.0 |
| Accuracy threshold ( ) | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Max agentic iterations ( ) | — | 200 |
| Tool timeout | — | 60 s |
| Answer tolerance ( ) | 5% | |
| Family | Template | Computation | Properties | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantitative modeling | Exponential growth | P1082 | people | |
| Quantitative modeling | GDP per capita | P2131, P1082 | USD | |
| Scientific inference | Surface gravity | P2067, P2120 | m/s 2 | |
| Scientific inference | Atmospheric pressure | P2044 | kPa |
| Domain | Agr. | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Geophysical | 47 | 78.7 | 0.25 |
| History | 30 | 86.7 | 0.43 |
| Biochemistry | 32 | 68.8 | 0.10 |
| Security | 11 | 81.8 | 0.56 |
| Financial | 39 | 69.2 | 0.36 |
| Overall | 159 | 76.1 | 0.30 |
| Disagreement source | Count | % |
|---|---|---|
| LLM hallucination / factual error (only) | 18 | 47.4 |
| Question ambiguity / non-uniqueness (only) | 8 | 21.1 |
| Both ambiguity + hallucination | 7 | 18.4 |
| Stale KG data | 4 | 10.5 |
| Unclassified | 1 | 2.6 |
| Total | 38 | 100.0 |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Samples per question ( ) | 3 |
| Temperature | model default (omitted) |
| Max response tokens | 8,192 |
| Answer tolerance | 2% relative (exact for history) |
| Retry on failure | 5 attempts, exponential backoff |
| Opus | Gem. | GPT | Llm. | Qwn. | Mst. | |
| 4.6 | 2.5 | 5.2 | 4 Mav | 3 | Sm. | |
| Answer acc. (%) | 20 | 17 | 10 | 16 | 8 | 6 |
| Failures ( ) | 214 | 222 | 242 | 224 | 247 | 251 |
| Failure breakdown (% of each model’s failures): | ||||||
| Property retrieval | 64.0 | 45.5 | 54.5 | 51.8 | 38.5 | 51.8 |
| True calculation | 15.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 19.6 | 2.4 | 0.0 |
| Opus | Gemini | GPT5.2 | Llama | Qwen | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gemini | 0.243 | ||||
| GPT5.2 | <.001 ∗∗∗ | <.001 ∗∗∗ | |||
| Llama | 0.155 | 0.868 | 0.004 ∗∗ | ||
| Qwen | <.001 ∗∗∗ | <.001 ∗∗∗ | 0.404 | <.001 ∗∗∗ | |
| Mistral | <.001 ∗∗∗ | <.001 ∗∗∗ | 0.095 | <.001 ∗∗∗ | 0.522 |
| Domain | Mean | Med. | CCI=2 | CCI=3 | CCI=4 | CCI=6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geophysical | 65 | 2.35 | 2 | 53 | 3 | 8 | 1 |
| Biochemistry | 37 | 2.81 | 2 | 20 | 4 | 13 | 0 |
| History | 62 | 2.82 | 3 | 24 | 25 | 13 | 0 |
| Financial | 69 | 2.84 | 2 | 37 | 10 | 20 | 2 |
| Security | 35 | 3.49 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 20 | 0 |
| CCI | Biochem | Financial | Geophysical | History | Security | All |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 34.7 (20) | 6.0 (37) | 13.9 (53) | 37.5 (24) | 5.6 (3) | 18.8 |
| 3 | 6.9 (4) | 6.1 (10) | 31.5 (3) | 15.6 (25) | 2.3 (12) | 11.1 |
| 4 | 6.8 (13) | 4.8 (22) | 11.1 (9) | 20.5 (13) | 0.6 (20) | 7.4 |
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