KnowAct-GUIClaw: Know Deeply, Act Perfectly, Personal GUI Assistant with Self-Evolving Memory and Skill
Authors: Yunxin Li, Jinchao Li, Shibo Su, Zhenran Xu, Chenrui Zhao, Tongshu Bian, Xiaoman Liang, Meishan Zhang, +2 more
Organizations: Lychee Team∗, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen
Abstract
OpenClaw has emerged as a leading agent framework for complex task automation, yet it faces insufficient cross-platform GUI interaction support and a well-built self-evolution mechanism. These flaws limit its adaptation to diverse device ecosystems and prevent performance improvements through continuous learning from execution experience. To resolve these issues, we propose the Know Deeply, Act Perfectly paradigm for personal assistants, which holds that accumulated user interaction and task-running experience directly improve execution accuracy and efficiency, unifying cognitive comprehension and operational execution. Based on this paradigm, we introduce KnowAct-GUIClaw, a novel Know-Route-Act-Reflect framework designed to address OpenClaw's GUI manipulation deficits and break through its cross-platform and recursive self-improvement constraints. First, the host agent leverages accumulated interaction experience and task-relevant knowledge for long-horizon task decomposition and allocation (Know). Second, a pluggable GUI subagent with an experience-attributable memory system (Know) and self-evolving skill library (Act), enabling seamless cross-platform migration and fast-path integration. Especially, this framework continuously stores user profiles and feedback to improve the accuracy of task decomposition and tool calls. Extensive experiments across Android, iOS, HarmonyOS and Windows show that KnowAct-GUIClaw achieves superior efficiency, accuracy and cross-platform adaptability. Especially, the GUIClaw with open-source Kimi-2.6 models achieves the best performance (64.1%) on the long-horizon MobileWorld benchmark, beating all agentical frameworks and closed-source agentical models, e.g., Seed-2.0-Pro and GPT-5.5. Additionally, the knowledgeable memory and execution skills supported by our framework are transferable across diverse base models, improving by 8.5% with Kimi-2.6.
Modern GUI agents typically rely on a model-centric and step-wise interaction paradigm, where LLMs must re-interpret the UI and re-decide actions at every screen, which is fragile in long-horizon tasks. In this paper, we propose Executable Agentic Memory (EAM), a structured Knowledge Graph (KG) that shifts GUI planning from free-form generation to a robust retrieval-and-execution process. Our approach includes a sample-efficient memory construction pipeline using state-aware DFS and action-group mining to compress multi-step routines. To ensure efficient planning, we introduce a value-guided graph search where a lightweight Q-function model steers Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) over the KG. We theoretically establish bias-consistency for the Q-model and derive sample complexity bounds for path recovery. Empirically, EAM outperforms state-of-the-art baselines like UI-TARS-7B by up to 19.6% on AndroidWorld, while reducing token costs 6× relative to GPT-4o. With a 2.8s average latency, EAM enables reliable, quick, and long-horizon GUI automation.
GUI agents execute long-horizon tasks on dynamic graphical user interfaces, where pop-ups, delayed loads, and relocated widgets routinely invalidate plans fixed before execution. Recent agent-skill frameworks encapsulate reusable procedural knowledge to mitigate this, yet existing skill designs are largely developed without targeting GUI execution dynamics and treat skills as static artifacts produced before deployment rather than living procedural knowledge that improves through it. We argue that what GUI agents need is not better static skills, but skills that can be revised from execution feedback at deployment time, without additional training. We propose \textbf{EvoSkill-GUI}, a training-free framework in which each skill is a structured multi-file package containing retrieval metadata, executable plans, backup localization, failure-recovery rules, accessibility utilities, and failure cases. EvoSkill-GUI operates through a \textbf{\emph{reflect-revise-reuse}} loop: the executor performs instant in-rollout revisions, an isolated critic diagnoses failed trajectories under strict information isolation, and the executor edits specific skill files through a restricted tool interface. Across MobileWorld, AndroidWorld, and OSWorld, three mainstream GUI benchmarks spanning mobile and desktop platforms, EvoSkill-GUI consistently improves multiple base models without any training, with maximum gains of +16.2%, +6.0%, and +10.5% respectively, and evolved skill libraries continue to benefit related tasks rather than being rebuilt from scratch. Our code is available at https://github.com/ZJU-REAL/EvoSkill-GUI.
Recent advances in mobile agents are dominated by the GUI paradigm, in which agents perceive UI information and emit screen interactions. However, mobile platforms also expose a command-line interface (CLI) that provides direct access to device services and data. We argue CLI deserves first-class consideration alongside GUI. We evaluate three coding agents (Claude Code, Terminus-2, mini-swe-agent) across four model APIs on AndroidWorld and MobileWorld without any mobile-specific post-training, comparing against three reproducible GUI baselines (GUI-Owl-1.5-32B, MAI-UI, Qwen3-VL-32B). Claude Code (Opus 4.7) reaches 71.8% and 51.9%, outperforming every reproducible GUI baseline (69.3/68.1/57.8% on AndroidWorld; 43.2/26.3/13.3% on MobileWorld), while every other CLI configuration remains competitive. To establish the paradigm's ceiling, we provide oracle CLI solutions that reach 88.8% on AndroidWorld (103/116 tasks CLI-solvable) and 86.3% on MobileWorld (101/117 tasks CLI-solvable), indicating substantial room for future improvement. To cover everyday user intents beyond the GUI scope, we introduce the \textbf{CLI-Advantage Task Suite}, comprising 45 templates across five categories: bulk operations, multi-condition filtering, aggregation, cross-app workflows, and hidden device state. Every CLI agent outperforms every GUI baseline in all five categories, with substantially fewer steps per task (10.7 vs.\ 18.6). To support future research on mobile CLI agents, we will open-source agent implementations, oracle solutions, the CLI-Advantage suite, and evaluation infrastructure.