Ontology-supported AI Model and Dataset Management

Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, encompassing both traditional machine learning (ML) and more advanced approaches such as deep learning and large language models (LLMs), play a central role in modern applications. AI model lifecycle management involves the end-to-end process of managing these models, from data collection and preparation to model building, evaluation, deployment, and continuous monitoring. This process is inherently complex, as it requires the coordination of diverse services that manage AI artifacts such as datasets, dataflows, and models, all orchestrated to operate seamlessly. In this context, it is essential to isolate applications from the complexity of interacting with heterogeneous services, datasets, and AI platforms. In this paper, we introduce Gypscie, a cross-platform AI artifact management system. By providing a unified view of all AI artifacts, the Gypscie platform simplifies the development and deployment of AI applications. This unified view is realized through a knowledge graph that captures application semantics and a rule-based query language that supports reasoning over data and models. Model lifecycle activities are represented as high-level dataflows that can be scheduled across multiple platforms, such as servers, cloud platforms, or supercomputers. Finally, Gypscie records provenance information about the artifacts it produces, thereby enabling explainability. Our qualitative comparison with representative AI systems shows that Gypscie supports a broader range of functionalities across the AI artifact lifecycle. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that Gypscie can successfully optimize and schedule dataflows on AI platforms from an abstract specification.

The transition from file storage to database management systems transformed stored data into managed resources. AI now faces an analogous transition from AI model storage to AI model management. Existing model pools essentially serve as AI model storage systems. What is needed instead are AI model management systems that enable models trained by different developers, for different tasks, with different data, and under different objectives to be identified, reused, and even assembled to address future user tasks. Because AI model developers are generally unwilling to share their training data, such systems should operate without accessing the training data of model developers and, ideally, without accessing raw data of future users. This requirement poses a fundamental challenge: the functionality of a modern AI model may not be fully understood even by the developer who trained it. How, then, can a system identify which models are useful for a given user task, let alone assemble models developed independently for different purposes? At first glance, this objective may appear unattainable. It becomes possible, however, by upgrading the basic unit of management from a machine learning model to a learnware. Learnware = Model + Specification. The specification, whose assignment transforms a trained model into a learnware, is generated with the help of a machine learning process without disclosing the training data of the developer and has a theoretically established data-preservation property. The Learnware Dock System (LDS) provides a path toward powerful AI model management systems. Because specifications are generated according to a published reference and are comparable across models, they can also serve as an AI model collaboration protocol through which independently developed models, including intelligent agents, can collaborate.

Scientific knowledge about AI models is produced faster than the community can organize it. Every few months a new foundation model reshapes the field and hundreds of papers, blogs, and technical reports document how each behaves or fails. Yet, these findings remain scattered and effectively unretrievable. To address this gap we present Modelpedia, an automated, LLM-assisted framework that extracts findings about models from published papers, links it to the model, dataset, method, and concept it concerns, and aggregates the result into a searchable public catalog. Applying the prototype to accepted ICLR 2024 and 2025 papers, we extract over a thousand findings and, treating the catalog itself as an object of study, run a meta-analysis of how the community investigates models. Now, we invite the community to explore, contribute to, and build on the open catalog, and to help establish model findings as a shared foundation for the meta-science of AI.