Tether the Subject, Release the Scene: Query-Aware Memory Routing for Long-Horizon Autoregressive Video Generation
Organizations: Huazhong University of Science and Technology · MiLM Plus, Xiaomi Inc.
Abstract
Streaming autoregressive video models generate long videos chunk by chunk, using historical memory to maintain consistency. Existing methods typically expose subject and scene queries to history through similar policies. This stabilizes the subject, but can also lock backgrounds, viewpoints, and scene structure to previously generated states even when local motion continues. We call this failure memory-anchored scene under-progression; consistency and motion metrics alone can miss it. We introduce TetherMem, a training-free, query-aware spatiotemporal memory router for frozen video generators. TetherMem separates subject and scene queries and modulates historical access with region- and age-conditioned priors: subject queries retain identity-bearing history, while scene queries reduce reliance on subject history and stale backgrounds. Across 2,400 blinded pairwise judgments from 10 annotators, TetherMem achieves the highest estimated expected preference among eight streaming long-video baselines for overall quality (0.780) and scene progression (0.769). On complete 30-second videos, it sustains changes in background, viewpoint, and scene state while preserving subject recognizability and temporal continuity.
Figures & tables
| Method | 5s | 30s human EP | Diag. | VBench | ||||||
| Img5 | Ovr. | Prog. | ID | L1 | nT | Subj. | Back. | Smooth. | Dyn. | |
| Base model (non-autoregressive) | ||||||||||
| Wan2.1-T2V-1.3B | 65.6 | – | – | – | – | 0.322 | – | – | – | – |
| Long-memory / retrieval | ||||||||||
| LongLive-RAG | 71.0 | 0.615 | 0.608 | 0.507 | 0.587 | 0.868 | 0.861 | 0.897 | 0.973 | 0.867 |
| Forcing-based generation | ||||||||||
| Criterion | TetherMem EP (95% CI) | Strongest baseline | Baseline EP | Difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ovr. | 0.780 [0.684, 0.868] | MemRoPE | 0.640 | 0.140 [0.004, 0.273] |
| Prog. | 0.769 [0.666, 0.861] | LongLive-RAG | 0.608 | 0.161 [0.076, 0.240] |
| ID | 0.600 [0.504, 0.699] | Rolling Forcing | 0.633 | [ , 0.111] |
| L1 | 0.708 [0.625, 0.794] | MemRoPE | 0.666 | 0.042 [ , 0.182] |
| Variant | Ovr. | Prog. | ID | L1 | nT | Tail subj. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) Routing components: Full-Memory-centered comparison | ||||||
| Full Memory | 0.426 | 0.391 | 0.472 | 0.457 | 0.980 | – |
| Routing w/o Region | 0.461 | 0.472 | 0.489 | 0.505 | 1.232 | – |
| Routing w/o Age | 0.476 | 0.428 | 0.505 | 0.490 | 1.083 | – |
| TetherMem | 0.638 | 0.709 | 0.534 | 0.548 | 1.458 | – |
| (b) Post-attention design baseline | ||||||
| 30s human EP | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method | Ovr. | Prog. | ID | L1 |
| Deep Forcing | 0.404 | 0.360 | 0.470 | 0.439 |
| Deep Forcing + TetherMem | 0.596 | 0.640 | 0.530 | 0.561 |
| Prior | nT | Artifact veto | Tail subject |
|---|---|---|---|
| Original SAM 2 | 1.490 | 0.158 | 0.934 |
| Low-res coarse | 1.463 | 0.107 | 0.932 |
| Bounding box | 1.664 | 0.207 | 0.878 |
Appendix figures & tables13 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
| Baseline | W | T | L | U | Half | Dec. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CausVid | 254 | 8 | 27 | 11 | 0.893 | 0.904 |
| Causal Forcing | 259 | 22 | 12 | 7 | 0.922 | 0.956 |
| Deep Forcing | 207 | 25 | 59 | 9 | 0.754 | 0.778 |
| LongLive-RAG | 157 | 92 | 49 | 2 | 0.681 | 0.762 |
| MemRoPE | 173 | 41 | 80 | 6 | 0.658 | 0.684 |
| Reward Forcing | 193 | 29 | 67 | 11 | 0.718 | 0.742 |
| Method | Checkpoint | Sampling | Chunk/context/memory | Method-specific settings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LongLive-RAG | causal_forcing.pt + ae_latent_mem.pt | 4 warped steps: 1000/750/500/250 | block 3; local 12; sink 1; memory 6; exclude-recent 5 | AE compression; top- retrieval |
| Self Forcing | self_forcing_dmd.pt | 4 warped steps: 1000/750/500/250; EMA | block 3; full KV attention | timestep shift 5.0 |
| Rolling Forcing | rolling_forcing_ dmd.pt | 5 warped steps: 1000/800/600/400/200; EMA | block 3; rolling-window length 5 | window advances one block |
| Deep Forcing | self_forcing_dmd.pt | 4 warped steps: 1000/750/500/250; EMA | block 3; local 21; sink 14 | Budget 16 / Recent 4 supplied by the launch command |
| Causal Forcing | causal_forcing.pt | 4 warped steps: 1000/750/500/250 | block 3; local 12; sink 1; retrieval disabled | executed through the LongLive-RAG code path without latent memory |
| Reward Forcing | rewardforcing.pt | 4 warped steps: 1000/750/500/250; EMA | block 3; local 9; sink 3 | timestep shift 5.0 |
| Method group | Frames | Duration | 30-second adaptation |
|---|---|---|---|
| LongLive-RAG, Causal Forcing, TetherMem | 474 | 29.625 s | 120 latent frames; native single-pass causal rollout |
| Self Forcing, Rolling Forcing, Deep Forcing, Reward Forcing; MemRoPE | 477 | 29.813 s | 120 latent frames; native single-pass or rolling KV rollout |
| CausVid | 480 | 30.000 s | seven overlapping rollouts yield 504 frames, then trim and H.264 re-encode (CRF 18) |
| Query | Historical key | Prior |
|---|---|---|
| Subject | Subject | |
| Subject | Background | |
| Background | Subject | |
| Background | Background | |
| Any | Local/sink |
| 28-s metric (subject present, ) | Ref. prior | Ctrl.-auto |
|---|---|---|
| Subject coverage | 0.574 | 1.000 |
| Prior precision | 0.238 | 0.550 |
| Raw semantic IoU | 0.202 | 0.520 |
| Route-envelope IoU | 0.387 | 0.956 |
| Normalized centroid distance | 0.138 | 0.038 |
| Stage | Time (s) | Share | Peak memory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reference rollout | 24.3% | 30.5 GB | |
| SAM 2 extraction | 8.3% | shared | |
| Controlled rollout | 67.4% | 30.5 GB | |
| End-to-end | 100% | 30.5 GB | |
| Full Memory, one pass | – | 30.5 GB |
| Variant | Ovr. | Prog. | ID | L1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Routing w/o Region | 14/16/12 | 15/17/10 | 12/18/11 | 14/17/11 |
| Routing w/o Age | 15/15/12 | 12/20/10 | 12/19/10 | 14/16/12 |
| TetherMem | 25/6/11 | 29/5/8 | 18/9/14 | 19/10/13 |
Long-Horizon Video Generation
Long-horizon video generation creates coherent, controllable videos over extended durations despite limited context and accumulating errors.
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