AIGC Video Detection based on the fusion of spatial-frequency-optical flow multimodal features
Authors: S. Hong, X. Q. Wang, C. Zhang, J. C. Wang, P. X. Duan, Y. W. Wang
Organizations: School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China · School of Information and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China · Continuing Education College, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China · DBAPPSecurity Co., Ltd. (DAS-Security), Beijing 100195, China · Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
The rapid evolution of generative AI (e.g., Sora, Hunyuan) makes it essential to develop effective detection strategies that can generalize across ever-evolving synthesis techniques. This study is motivated by the observation of a fundamental challenge in generative models: the inherent difficulty of maintaining cross-modal consistency between appearance and motion. To this end, we propose a multi-modal framework for AIGC video forgery detection tasks, named Cross-Attention based Video Forgery Detector (CrossAtt-VFD), based on joint multi-view analysis of content.Methodologically, we introduce a dual-branch architecture that simultaneously extracts spatial-frequency and optical-flow features.This approach enables the modeling of videos from complementary perceptual perspectives.The core of this process is a dedicated cross-attention mechanism, which governs the alignment of the two modalities and translates cross-modal inconsistencies into a potent diagnostic signal. This multi-modal strategy facilitates the detection of motion that is statistically inconsistent with the visual appearance of a scene. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrated that our model achieves an accuracy of 94.22%, a precision of 91.67 %,and a recall of 96.25 %, effectively verifying the advantages of the multi-modal fusion strategy.
Figures & tables
Figure 1: Example of inter-frame mutation in AIGC video. (a) Normal scene of the hand not yet appearing. (b) Sudden hand deformity appearing on the shoulder area.
Figure 2: Multi-modal framework overview.
Figure 3: Optical flow processing results of different video scenarios
Dataset
Real video
Fake video
Total
Training set
1 312
1 312
2 624
Validation set
448
448
896
Test set
640
703
1 343
Table 1: Composition of dataset videos
Index
Selecting keyframes
Entering full video directly
Loss function
0.2115±0.0024
0.2244±0.0030
Accuracy rate
93.30%±0.17%
92.50%±0.26%
Precision rate
91.28%±0.71%
90.73%±0.66%
Recall rate
94.25%±0.58%
93.00%±0.71%
F1-score
92.74%±0.45%
91.85%±0.32%
VRAM usage
9539MiB±17MiB
9693MiB±26MiB
Table 2: Comparison of training metrics for two different data loading methods
Figure 4: Training loss curves for different loading methods
Model
Accuracy (%)
Precision (%)
Recall (%)
F1-score (%)
CNN-LSTM-Attention
77.56
73.54
79.70
76.50
EfficientFormer
81.28
73.16
93.40
82.05
ViTranSP
89.77
87.14
91.12
89.09
CrossAtt-VFD
94.32
91.67
96.25
93.90
Table 3: Quantitative comparison with SOTA methods
Figure 5: Performance metric comparison curves of different detection models
Indicator
Only spatial mode
Spatial + frequency domain
Spatial + optical flow
Full triple-modality
Loss function
0.2115±0.0024
0.2027±0.0033
0.1910±0.0022
0.2252±0.0026
Accuracy rate
93.30%±0.17%
93.86%±0.24%
93.98%±0.14%
94.32%±0.10%
Precision rate
91.28%±0.71%
90.05%±0.99%
93.27%±0.56%
91.67%±0.45%
Recall rate
94.25%±0.58%
97.25%±1.39%
93.50%±0.40%
96.25%±0.57%
F1-score
92.74%±0.45%
93.51%±0.28%
93.38%±0.17%
93.90%±0.10%
VRAM usage
9539MiB±17MiB
9693MiB±12MiB
13830MiB±10MiB
13978MiB±8MiB
Table 4: Comparison of training indicators for different modal combinations
Figure 6: Evaluation indicators for different mode combinations
Figure 7: Display of test set detection results
Figure 8: Detection results on the open-source dataset DVF
The rapid advancement of Deepfake technologies and video manipulation tools poses a critical challenge to multimedia forensics, judicial evidence integrity, and information authenticity. Current detectors rely on single-modality signals, treating appearance, geometry, and motion independently. However, advanced generators maintain within-modality consistency while producing cross-modal contradictions, which are forensically discriminative but invisible to any single-modal detector. We propose CAM-VFD, a Cross-Attention Multimodal Video Forgery Detection framework that models cross-modal contradiction as a directional forensic signal. The framework uses a cross-attention fusion mechanism in which CLIP-based appearance representations serve as queries against VideoMAE motion features and MiDaS depth features, enabling the identification of contradictions between visual, temporal, and geometric evidence. We examine this design through cross-modal attention discrepancy analysis, observing statistically separable real and fake distributions (p<0.001, Cohen's d=0.68). Experimental results on two generative video benchmarks indicate consistent performance, with 95.31% Top-1 accuracy on GenVidBench and 93.43% accuracy, 90.63% F1-score, and 96.56% AUROC on GenVideo. Moreover, CAM-VFD demonstrates stable performance under compression, noise, blur, and adversarial perturbations, suggesting that cross-modal reasoning may improve robustness in media forensics. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/Hoda-Osama/CAM-VFD/tree/main.
Recent advances in generative AI have democratized video creation at scale. AI-generated videos, including partially manipulated clips across visual and audio channels, pose escalating risks of semantic distortion and misuse, which motivates the need for reliable detection tools. Most existing AI-generated video detectors remain limited by single- or partial-modality of data modeling and the lack of fine-grained temporal forgery localization. To address these challenges, our primary novelty introduces a core architecture that jointly integrates an LMM semantic branch with a spatio-temporal (ST) visual branch and a multi-scale partial-spoof (PS) audio branch. This multi-modal approach enables simultaneous detection and fine-grained temporal localization of partially manipulated AI-generated video forgeries. Extensive experiments show that this approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods.
Dat Le, Khoa Nguyen, Xin Wang +1
Purdue University, West Lafayette · University at Albany, SUNY, New York
The proliferation of advanced AI video synthesis techniques poses an unprecedented challenge to digital video authenticity. Existing AI-generated video (AIGV) detection methods primarily focus on uni-modal or spatiotemporal artifacts, but they overlook the rich cues within the visual-textual cross-modal space, especially the temporal stability of semantic alignment. In this work, we identify a distinctive fingerprint in AIGVs, termed cross-modal temporal artifact (CMTA). Unlike real videos that exhibit natural temporal fluctuations in cross-modal alignment due to semantic variations, AIGVs display unnaturally stable semantic trajectories governed by given input prompts. To bridge this gap, we propose the CMTA framework, a cross-modal detection approach that captures these unique temporal artifacts through joint cross-modal embedding and multi-grained temporal modeling. Specifically, CMTA leverages BLIP to generate frame-level image captions and utilizes CLIP to extract corresponding visual-textual representations. A coarse-grained temporal modeling branch is then designed to characterize temporal fluctuations in cross-modal alignment with a GRU. In parallel, a fine-grained branch is constructed to capture intricate inter-frame variations from integrated visual-textual features with a Transformer encoder. Extensive experiments on 40 subsets across four large-scale datasets, including GenVideo, EvalCrafter, VideoPhy, and VidProM, validate that our approach sets a new state-of-the-art while exhibiting superior cross-generator generalization. Code and models of CMTA will be released at https://github.com/hwang-cs-ime/CMTA
Hang Wang, Chao Shen, Chenhao Lin +3
Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China · The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China · Guangdong OPPO Mobile Communications Co., Ltd. +1