Humanoid robots have many degrees of freedom and contact surfaces, yet most loco-manipulation research restricts manipulation to the hands and avoids other body contacts with the environment. To extend manipulation beyond the hands, we present PanTact, a system that learns humanoid whole-body dexterity, the capability to manipulate with any suitable body surface, directly from robot-free human demonstrations. Our key idea is to use contact as manipulation-centric information that transfers across embodiments. Contact locations and timing specify the interactions needed to accomplish a task, while the robot chooses how to coordinate its body to realize them within its own physical constraints. Specifically, PanTact captures, learns, and executes whole-body contact via: 1) a wearable, robot-free data collection interface that augments egocentric vision and bimanual UMI grippers with whole-body modular contact patches to record body contact locations and states; 2) a visuomotor policy that mitigates the egocentric observation gap and predicts whole-body contact goals; and 3) contact-aware whole-body control formulations that realize active contact goals using suitable robot surfaces. We deploy PanTact on a Unitree G1 humanoid without additional body contact sensors, demonstrating whole-body dexterity involving body support, pushing, sweeping, and load-sharing. Website: https://pantact.github.io
Figures & tables
Figure 1: PanTact gives a humanoid whole-body dexterity, learned from robot-free human demonstrations. (a) The data collection interface captures whole-body contacts alongside vision and motion. (b) Contact provides an interface for human-to-robot transfer. The visuomotor policy predicts contact goals, and the whole-body controller realizes them using suitable robot surfaces. (c) PanTact enables diverse whole-body dexterous skills on a humanoid.
Figure 2: PanTact modular contact patch. Sensor, connector, and strap modules snap together into patches of arbitrary shape and extent. We showcase arm and knee patches.
Figure 3: Cross-Embodiment Contact Interface. The Contact-Predictive Whole-Body Manipulation Policy uses body-masked 3D egocentric observations, wrist images, and proprioception to predict EEF trajectories and contact goals (position and binary state). The Contact-Aware Whole-Body Controller coordinates whole-body motion to track EEF commands and realize active contact goals using suitable robot surfaces.
Figure 4: Grasp-and-Embrace. (a) Autonomous rollout of our policy deployed with Upper-Body IK , demonstrating capability to support a bulky object with arms while grasping small object with a gripper. (b) Overlayed test configurations with varied object placements and initial robot configurations. (c) Typical failure case of Humanoid UMI is insufficient arm contact to support the bulky object. (d) Task success rates. (e) Real-world tracking plots.
Figure 5: Sweep-and-Stow. (a) Our policy rollout with WBIK+SONIC tracker, demonstrating arm sweeping and lower-body pushing and locomotion at the same time. (b) Test configurations with seen and unseen object combinations, varied cabinet openings, and different robot-to-cabinet distances. (c) Typical failure case of the Humanoid UMI++ baseline include the gripper passes above an object or knocks it outside the bin, and the robot fails to advance a leg for cabinet closure as its arms approach joint limits. (d) Stage-wise and end-to-end success rates.
Figure 6: Carry-and-Push. (a) Our policy with WBIK+SONIC tracker, demonstrating arms load-sharing while walking and pushing with lower body. (b) Test scenarios with varied box placements and robot postures. (c) Failure case of Humanoid UMI++ , dropping the carried box because of insufficient contact support. (d) Task success rates. (e) Tracking plots of real-world rollouts.
Figure 7: Controller Comparisons. We replay the demonstrations in simulation with our three whole-body control formulations, with and without contact goals.
Appendix figures & tables2 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
Parameter
Value
Transformer depth / width / heads
10 / 768 / 12
Training diffusion steps / inference DDIM steps
100 / 16
Training epochs
500
Effective batch size
48
Base learning rate
7.5×10−5
Encoder learning rate
7.5×10−6
Appendix
Table 1: Policy architecture and training hyperparameters.
Whole-arm manipulation involves direct contact with the environment while the robot completes a task by distributing contact across multiple links as contacts form, slide, and break. This setting breaks common implicit assumptions in many learning-based manipulation pipelines: arm configuration tightly couples motion and contact forces, contact state is partially observed under occlusion, and purely learned rollouts can become physically inconsistent under distribution shift because many multi-link contact configurations are sparsely represented in the data. To address this, we propose TACTIC (Tactile and Vision Conditioned Contact-Centric Control), a receding-horizon controller for whole-arm manipulation. TACTIC uses a contact-centric hybrid predictive model that combines RGB-D, distributed tactile sensing, and a compact 2D proximity representation. The model couples a learned, action-conditioned latent dynamics model with analytical kinematics through contact Jacobians, enabling rollouts of future contact configurations and interaction forces. TACTIC integrates these rollouts into a sampling-based MPC planner with contact-aware action sampling: contact Jacobian-based projections steer sampled action sequences toward force-modulating directions, and objectives defined over predicted proximity and interaction forces trade task progress against whole-arm force regulation. We evaluate TACTIC in simulation against state-of-the-art model-based and model-free methods, and perform ablations that isolate the contribution of each design choice. TACTIC consistently outperforms other methods. We further demonstrate real-world performance on a robot with distributed tactile sensing across three whole-arm manipulation tasks that require multi-contact trajectories: turning over and repositioning a manikin, and goal-reaching in a 3D dynamic maze. Website: https://emprise.cs.cornell.edu/tactic
Rishabh Madan, Angchen Xie, Samantha Saak +7
Cornell University · Carnegie Mellon University · Toyota Research Institute
Humanoid robots promise general-purpose assistance, yet real-world humanoid loco-manipulation remains challenging because it requires whole-body stability, end-effector dexterity, and contact-aware interaction under frequent contact changes. In this work, we study dexterous, contact-rich humanoid loco-manipulation. We first develop an RL-based lower-body controller that serves as the stability backbone for whole-body execution during complex manipulation. Building on this controller, we develop a VR-based whole-body humanoid data collection system that integrates dexterous hands and tactile sensing for contact-rich manipulation. We then propose Humanoid Transformer with Touch Dreaming (HTD), a multimodal encoder-decoder Transformer that models touch as a core modality alongside multi-view vision and proprioception. HTD is trained in a single stage with behavioral cloning augmented by touch dreaming: in addition to predicting action chunks, the policy predicts future hand-joint forces and future tactile latents, with tactile-latent targets provided by an exponential moving average target encoder without requiring a separate tactile pretraining stage. This encourages the policy to learn contact-aware representations for dexterous manipulation. Across five real-world contact-rich tasks, HTD achieves a 90.9% relative improvement in average success rate over the stronger baseline for each task. Ablation results further show that latent-space tactile prediction is more effective than raw tactile prediction, yielding a 30% relative gain in success rate. These results demonstrate that our touch-dreaming-enhanced learning system enables versatile, high-dexterity humanoid manipulation in the real world. More information and open-source materials are available at humanoid-touch-dream.github.io.
Yaru Niu, Zhenlong Fang, Binghong Chen +8
Carnegie Mellon University · Bosch Center for AI · UT Arlington
Whole-body humanoid manipulation of bulky, deformable, and shared-load objects requires distributed contact sensing and explicit force regulation, yet most imitation policies treat contact force only implicitly. On the other hand, different demonstration sources provide complementary modalities with inherent trade-offs: human demonstrations capture natural contact forces but not robot-executable actions, while teleoperation directly records robot actions but with less natural force regulation. This paper presents WT-UMI, a wearable whole-body tactile interface worn by human operators or mounted on humanoids, providing accurate observations of tactile images, contact forces, and end-effector poses across both human demonstration and humanoid teleoperation modes. We introduce a force-conditioned target-pose correction module that converts measured human poses into contact-aware robot targets by learning corrections from teleoperation data. To leverage the natural force interaction in human data, we propose a force-supervised planner that predicts end-effector pose chunks and contact-force trajectories. The predicted contact force serves as the reference for a tactile-based admittance controller. Across five contact-rich tasks spanning deformable objects, bulky rigid objects, and human--humanoid collaboration, WT-UMI improves success rate and reduces contact-position tracking error over four policy baselines. Our project page is available at https://wt-umi.github.io/WTUMI/.
Jaehwi Jang, Zhaoyuan Gu, Alfred Cueva +15
The Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology