Functional Electrical Stimulation

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) aims to restore movement in paralyzed limbs by electrically stimulating muscles. Current research heavily emphasizes the integration of FES with robotic assistance and artificial intelligence, employing reinforcement learning and recurrent neural networks to create adaptive controllers that personalize stimulation patterns and account for factors like muscle fatigue. This approach leverages neuromechanical models to optimize stimulation for various movements and individuals, showing promise for improving rehabilitation outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for patients with motor impairments.