ActionFlow: A Pipelined Action Acceleration for Vision Language Models on Edge
Organizations: School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China · Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China · IEIT SYSTEMS Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
Abstract
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a unified paradigm for robotic perception and control, enabling emergent generalization and long-horizon task execution. However, their deployment in dynamic, real-world environments is severely hindered by high inference latency. While smooth robotic interaction requires control frequencies of 20-30 Hz, current VLA models typically operate at only 3-5 Hz on edge devices due to the memory-bound nature of autoregressive decoding. Existing optimizations often require extensive retraining or compromise model accuracy. To bridge this gap, we introduce ActionFlow, a system-level inference framework tailored for resource-constrained edge platforms. At the core of ActionFlow is a Cross-Request Pipelining strategy, a novel scheduler that redefines VLA inference as a macro-pipeline of micro-requests. The strategy intelligently batches memory-bound Decode phases with compute-bound Prefill phases across continuous time steps to maximize hardware utilization. Furthermore, to support this scheduling, we propose a Cross-Request State Packed Forward operator and a Unified KV Ring Buffer, which fuse fragmented memory operations into efficient dense computations. Experimental results demonstrate that ActionFlow achieves a 2.55x improvement in FPS on the OpenVLA-7B model without retraining, enabling real-time dynamic manipulation on edge hardware. Our work is available at https://github.com/Frankd35/Action-Flow.
Figures & tables
| Method | Platform | FPS | Time (ms) | Speedup |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | AGX Orin | 1.25 0.01 | 0.8030 0.0044 | 1.00x |
| Naive Pipe | AGX Orin | 2.70 0.19 | 0.3731 0.0299 | 2.16x |
| ActionFlow | AGX Orin | 3.20 0.17 | 0.3131 0.0170 | 2.56x |
| Baseline | RTX 5090 | 7.62 0.14 | 0.1312 0.0024 | 1.00x |
| Naive Pipe | RTX 5090 | 15.60 0.08 | 0.0641 0.0003 | 2.04x |
| ActionFlow | RTX 5090 | 19.45 0.22 | 0.0514 0.0006 | 2.55x |
| Method | Platform | spatial | object | goal | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OpenVLA | RTX 5090 | 84.4% | 73.8% | 74.4% | 51.4% |
| ActionFlow | RTX 5090 | 84.3% | 71.2% | 78.6% | 53.3% |
| ActionFlow | AGX Orin | 83.4% | 68.8% | 75.6% | 49.0% |
Efficient VLA Model Inference
Efficient vision-language-action (VLA) model inference reduces robot-control latency, memory use, and energy while preserving task performance.
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