SONIC-O1: A Real-World Benchmark for Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models on Audio-Video Understanding
Organizations: Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada · University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands · York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
Abstract
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are a major focus of recent AI research. However, most prior work focuses on static image understanding, while their ability to process sequential audio-video data remains underexplored. This gap highlights the need for a high-quality benchmark to systematically evaluate MLLM performance in a real-world setting. We introduce SONIC-O1, a comprehensive, fully human-verified benchmark of 60 hours (231 clips) spanning 13 real-world conversational domains with 4,958 annotations and demographic metadata. SONIC-O1 evaluates three capabilities: open-ended summarization, multiple-choice question (MCQ) answering, and temporal localization with supporting rationales (reasoning). Across closed- and open-source models, we find that the MCQ accuracy shows the smallest gap between model families, but the best closed-source model outperforms the best open-source model by 22.6% on temporal localization. We further observe accuracy gaps of up to 21.4% on temporal localization across demographic groups, indicating persistent disparities in model behaviour. SONIC-O1 provides an open evaluation suite for temporally grounded and demographically robust multimodal understanding. SONIC-O1 is publicly available for research: Project page (https://vectorinstitute.github.io/sonic-o1/), Dataset (https://huggingface.co/datasets/vector-institute/sonic-o1), GitHub (https://github.com/vectorinstitute/sonic-o1), Leaderboard (https://huggingface.co/spaces/vector-institute/sonic-o1-leaderboard).
Figures & tables
| Benchmark | Data Size | Video Lengths | QA Type | Summ. | Temp. † | Reas. ‡ | AVQA | Social * | Annotation | Open | |
| (min) | Cues | Auto | Human | Src | |||||||
| Video-QA Benchmarks (AVQA: ✗ ) | |||||||||||
| LongVideoBench Wu et al. (2024) | 6,678 | 8 | MCQs | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| LVBench Wang et al. (2025) | 1,549 | 68 | MCQs | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | |
| CinePile Rawal et al. (2024) | 305K | 3 | MCQs | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | |
| Sports-QA Li et al. (2026b) | 94,000 | 1 | Open-ended | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Task | #Inst. | Unit / Ground Truth |
| Summarization | 231 | Full video reference summary |
| MCQ | 1,335 | 3-minutes overlap video segment answer + reasoning |
| Temporal loc. | 3,392 | 3-minutes overlap video segment relation + + reasoning |
| Total | 4,958 | 231 videos ( 60 hours) |
| Model | LLM Params | Summarization | MCQ | Temporal Localization | |||||||||
| Score | ROUGE-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | ROUGE-L | Sim | mIoU | R@0.5 | Score | ROUGE-L | Sim | ||
| Gemini 3.0 Pro † (1 FPS) | - | 7.07 | 27.2 | 0.81 | 81.4 | 8.71 | 19.6 | 0.71 | 26.6 | 25.4 | 5.38 | 28.3 | 0.67 |
| Qwen3-Omni (256 FPV) | 30B | 5.72 | 22.8 | 0.71 | 65.7 | 7.47 | 20.3 | 0.70 | 3.7 | 2.8 | 2.58 | 28.0 | 0.70 |
| UniMoE-2.0 (256 FPV) | 33B | 4.71 | 20.8 | 0.70 | 51.6 | 6.17 | 13.1 | 0.63 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.11 | 23.7 | 0.55 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 (256 FPV) | 9B | 3.34 | 14.7 | 0.56 | 51.9 | 6.15 | 10.3 | 0.60 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 3.65 | 19.3 | 0.41 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 (32 FPV) | 7B | 3.68 | 18.8 | 0.60 | 56.2 | 6.18 | 15.1 | 0.65 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 2.29 | 18.2 | 0.43 |
| Group | Gemini 3.0 Pro † | Qwen3 Omni | UniMoE 2.0 | MiniCPM o-2.6 | Baichuan Omni 1.5 | OLA | VITA 1.5 | Video LLaMA2 |
| Race | ||||||||
| Arab | 6.90 | 5.95 | 5.00 | 3.57 | 4.29 | 4.76 | 2.76 | 1.00 |
| Indigenous | 6.70 | 4.13 | 4.35 | 3.61 | 3.70 | 4.39 | 1.65 | 1.04 |
| Asian | 7.05 | 5.71 | 4.62 | 3.26 | 3.61 | 4.29 | 2.65 | 1.63 |
| White | 6.68 | 5.28 | 4.29 | 3.26 | 3.22 | 4.27 | 2.50 | 1.45 |
| Hispanic | 6.41 | 4.99 | 3.70 | 3.04 | 2.44 | 3.62 | 2.21 | 1.23 |
| Group | Gemini 3.0 Pro † | Qwen3 Omni | UniMoE 2.0 | MiniCPM o-2.6 | Baichuan Omni 1.5 | OLA | VITA 1.5 | Video LLaMA2 |
| Race | ||||||||
| Arab | 82.7 | 63.9 | 48.7 | 50.3 | 58.6 | 51.3 | 47.1 | 20.9 |
| Indigenous | 80.0 | 68.6 | 42.9 | 48.6 | 62.9 | 31.4 | 42.4 | 8.6 |
| Asian | 80.3 | 61.8 | 53.6 | 51.0 | 55.7 | 53.4 | 49.5 | 23.2 |
| White | 81.2 | 66.5 | 51.0 | 51.2 | 55.8 | 52.7 | 49.0 | 26.7 |
| Hispanic | 79.1 | 63.5 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 48.2 | 46.5 | 48.5 | 22.6 |
| Group | Gemini 3.0 Pro † | Qwen3 Omni | UniMoE 2.0 | MiniCPM o-2.6 | Baichuan Omni 1.5 | OLA | VITA 1.5 | Video LLaMA2 |
| Race | ||||||||
| Arab | 21.1 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.0 |
| Indigenous | 40.9 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 5.8 | 9.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Asian | 30.7 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 0.4 |
| White | 23.0 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
| Hispanic | 23.8 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.0 |
| Model | LLM Params | Summarization (Score) | MCQ (Accuracy) | Temporal Localization (R@0.5) | ||||||
| Short | Medium | Long | Short | Medium | Long | Short | Medium | Long | ||
| Gemini 3.0 Pro | - | 8.16 | 6.11 | 6.63 | 81.9 | 82.8 | 79.5 | 50.6 | 26.0 | 18.6 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 30B | 6.64 | 4.95 | 4.87 | 64.9 | 67.1 | 65.8 | 9.2 | 2.6 | 2.5 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 33B | 5.49 | 4.37 | 3.87 | 55.3 | 50.2 | 50.9 | 6.9 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 9B | 4.08 | 2.87 | 2.87 | 59.6 | 50.9 | 51.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 7B | 4.70 | 3.06 | 2.94 | 59.6 | 55.3 | 56.3 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.1 |
| Model | Video | Audio | Sum. (Score) | MCQ (Acc./Score) | Temporal (R@0.5/Score) |
| Qwen3-Omni | ✓ | ✗ | 4.46 | 61.6 / 6.67 | 1.6 / 2.55 |
| ✓ | ✓ | 6.84 | 71.9 / 8.06 | 4.3 / 2.70 | |
| UniMoE-2.0 | ✓ | ✗ | 3.77 | 46.4 / 5.97 | 0.7 / 2.42 |
| ✓ | ✓ | 5.65 | 58.3 / 6.95 | 1.2 / 2.07 | |
| VideoLLaMA2 | ✓ | ✗ | 1.91 | 28.6 / 4.96 | 0.9 / 2.89 |
| ✓ | ✓ | 1.78 | 28.6 / 4.39 | 0.6 / 2.12 |
| Model | Total Emotion (%) | Neg. Emotion (%) | Tone |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro | 4.35 | 2.03 | 46.16 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 3.88 | 1.39 | 57.99 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 3.54 | 0.93 | 57.94 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 1.41 | 0.38 | 46.10 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 3.47 | 0.82 | 60.09 |
| OLA | 4.02 | 1.15 | 60.00 |
Appendix figures & tables30 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
| Stage | Count |
| Initial search results | 2,237 |
| After license filtering (CC BY 4.0 only) | 1,794 |
| Final dataset (post quality assurance) | 231 |
| Category | Topics | Samples | Total Duration (min) | Avg Duration (min) |
| Professional | Job interviews; workplace meetings | 49 | 708.8 | 14.5 |
| Educational | Parent–teacher conferences | 18 | 651.5 | 36.2 |
| Legal / Civic | Courtroom proceedings; community town halls | 32 | 843.8 | 26.4 |
| Service-Oriented | Customer service; restaurant service; housing/apartment tours | 63 | 726.3 | 11.3 |
| Community / Public Health | Medical (patient–doctor); emergency response; public transportation conflicts; mental-health counseling; Olympics/sports | 69 | 681.2 | 9.7 |
| Model / Checkpoint | Backbone | Frames | Audio | Hardware | Notes |
| VideoLLaMA2.1-7B-AV | Qwen2-7B | 128 | Embedded | 4 A40 | Integrated video+audio input. |
| Qwen3-Omni-30B-A3B-Instruct | Qwen3-MoE | 256 | Adaptive ∗ | 4 A40 | Chunking triggered by length overflow. |
| UniMoE-2.0-Omni | Qwen2.5-7B | 256 | Full | 4 A40 | Native processing. |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | Qwen2.5-7B | 256 | Full | 1 A100 | Native processing. |
| baichuan-inc/Baichuan-Omni-1d5 | Qwen2.5-7B | 32 | Adaptive ∗ | 1 A100 | Chunking triggered by length overflow. |
| THUdyh/Ola-7b | Qwen2.5-7B | 256 | Adaptive ∗ | 1 A100 | Chunking triggered by length overflow. |
| Summarization | MCQ | Temporal Localization | ||||||||||||
| Model | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | mIoU | R@0.3 | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | RG-L | Sim |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro † | 7.07 | 27.2 | 0.813 | 81.4 | 8.71 | 19.6 | 0.706 | 26.6 | 39.3 | 25.4 | 12.0 | 5.38 | 28.3 | 0.673 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 5.72 | 22.8 | 0.713 | 65.7 | 7.47 | 20.3 | 0.699 | 3.70 | 5.14 | 2.81 | 60.0 | 2.58 | 28.0 | 0.698 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 4.71 | 20.8 | 0.700 | 51.6 | 6.17 | 13.1 | 0.627 | 1.81 | 2.40 | 1.04 | 685.8 | 2.11 | 23.7 | 0.549 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 3.34 | 14.7 | 0.563 | 51.9 | 6.15 | 10.3 | 0.600 | 1.81 | 2.38 | 0.73 | 367.1 | 3.65 | 19.3 | 0.406 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 3.68 | 18.8 | 0.600 | 56.2 | 6.18 | 15.1 | 0.651 | 2.75 | 2.96 | 1.07 | 158.6 | 2.29 | 18.2 | 0.433 |
| Model | T1: Patient-Dr. | T2: Job Int. | T3: Parent-Tch. | T4: Customer | ||||||||
| Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro † | 8.12 | 29.7 | 0.858 | 8.33 | 26.5 | 0.817 | 7.94 | 27.6 | 0.822 | 7.67 | 29.1 | 0.814 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 7.38 | 24.6 | 0.785 | 7.14 | 25.5 | 0.755 | 6.72 | 22.2 | 0.744 | 6.13 | 25.6 | 0.743 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 6.12 | 23.2 | 0.764 | 6.76 | 21.0 | 0.751 | 5.72 | 20.1 | 0.726 | 4.33 | 20.6 | 0.690 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 4.94 | 15.8 | 0.695 | 4.19 | 15.5 | 0.587 | 4.28 | 13.8 | 0.602 | 3.20 | 14.7 | 0.591 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 5.81 | 22.5 | 0.746 | 5.38 | 20.7 | 0.665 | 4.44 | 18.9 | 0.644 | 2.73 | 18.5 | 0.589 |
| Model | T5: Courtroom | T6: Emergency | T7: Transport | T8: Workplace | ||||||||
| Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro † | 6.54 | 25.1 | 0.792 | 6.25 | 27.6 | 0.771 | 7.43 | 28.1 | 0.852 | 7.00 | 26.7 | 0.827 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 6.00 | 22.8 | 0.703 | 5.10 | 22.8 | 0.686 | 4.86 | 21.2 | 0.702 | 6.08 | 20.8 | 0.721 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 4.08 | 21.1 | 0.667 | 3.90 | 20.4 | 0.640 | 3.29 | 19.5 | 0.687 | 4.75 | 19.2 | 0.689 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 3.15 | 14.2 | 0.486 | 3.35 | 16.0 | 0.579 | 2.21 | 14.2 | 0.523 | 3.17 | 13.4 | 0.508 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 3.31 | 16.8 | 0.571 | 3.35 | 17.5 | 0.563 | 2.14 | 18.2 | 0.566 | 4.75 | 18.2 | 0.643 |
| Model | T9: Housing | T10: Restaurant | T11: Mental Hlth | T12: Town Halls | T13: Olympics | ||||||||||
| Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro † | 6.58 | 27.7 | 0.789 | 5.91 | 27.1 | 0.786 | 8.08 | 28.4 | 0.830 | 7.00 | 26.0 | 0.791 | 5.04 | 23.7 | 0.822 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 4.58 | 23.0 | 0.671 | 5.00 | 23.2 | 0.721 | 7.23 | 26.3 | 0.773 | 4.72 | 18.8 | 0.599 | 3.39 | 19.2 | 0.671 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 4.38 | 22.0 | 0.668 | 4.91 | 19.8 | 0.674 | 6.69 | 25.2 | 0.791 | 4.33 | 19.8 | 0.647 | 1.96 | 18.7 | 0.702 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 2.88 | 14.9 | 0.497 | 3.13 | 15.3 | 0.596 | 4.46 | 15.6 | 0.631 | 2.06 | 11.7 | 0.390 | 2.43 | 16.5 | 0.631 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 2.67 | 18.5 | 0.490 | 3.09 | 18.1 | 0.569 | 5.23 | 21.7 | 0.688 | 2.83 | 16.5 | 0.464 | 2.09 | 18.5 | 0.607 |
| Model | T1: Patient-Dr. | T2: Job Int. | T3: Parent-Tch. | T4: Customer | ||||||||||||
| Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro † | 85.3 | 9.16 | 19.4 | 0.721 | 85.0 | 9.09 | 20.8 | 0.713 | 80.9 | 8.88 | 20.4 | 0.707 | 89.7 | 8.82 | 19.0 | 0.725 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 75.5 | 8.25 | 20.7 | 0.720 | 77.0 | 8.24 | 21.3 | 0.701 | 68.3 | 8.13 | 21.7 | 0.695 | 64.1 | 6.95 | 20.0 | 0.703 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 63.7 | 7.56 | 13.5 | 0.655 | 60.0 | 7.27 | 14.0 | 0.629 | 53.5 | 6.59 | 14.0 | 0.638 | 53.8 | 5.33 | 13.3 | 0.621 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 60.8 | 6.57 | 10.9 | 0.626 | 57.0 | 6.57 | 11.4 | 0.600 | 50.4 | 6.45 | 11.5 | 0.615 | 48.7 | 5.54 | 9.7 | 0.588 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 69.6 | 7.18 | 15.2 | 0.660 | 69.0 | 7.21 | 15.3 | 0.642 | 61.3 | 6.80 | 15.3 | 0.650 | 56.4 | 5.85 | 15.6 | 0.656 |
| Model | T5: Courtroom | T6: Emergency | T7: Transport | T8: Workplace | ||||||||||||
| Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro † | 81.7 | 8.84 | 20.3 | 0.689 | 74.7 | 8.30 | 18.9 | 0.710 | 72.5 | 8.14 | 17.9 | 0.707 | 85.1 | 9.18 | 18.1 | 0.674 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 63.5 | 7.69 | 21.4 | 0.691 | 57.5 | 6.86 | 18.8 | 0.692 | 54.9 | 6.35 | 18.2 | 0.696 | 70.1 | 7.96 | 20.3 | 0.683 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 51.3 | 6.02 | 13.2 | 0.618 | 44.2 | 5.08 | 12.7 | 0.620 | 45.1 | 5.20 | 12.1 | 0.640 | 55.2 | 6.75 | 12.6 | 0.599 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 47.8 | 6.13 | 11.0 | 0.604 | 54.0 | 6.01 | 10.2 | 0.617 | 51.0 | 6.08 | 9.6 | 0.608 | 53.7 | 6.42 | 10.1 | 0.574 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 53.9 | 6.26 | 15.2 | 0.631 | 50.6 | 5.91 | 14.8 | 0.663 | 45.1 | 5.49 | 15.2 | 0.684 | 59.7 | 6.64 | 14.2 | 0.618 |
| Model | T9: Housing | T10: Restaurant | T11: Mental Hlth | T12: Town Halls | T13: Olympics | |||||||||||||||
| Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro † | 74.4 | 8.25 | 20.0 | 0.701 | 74.4 | 7.70 | 19.0 | 0.683 | 87.7 | 9.34 | 21.3 | 0.723 | 82.0 | 8.89 | 20.2 | 0.704 | 84.1 | 8.68 | 18.9 | 0.725 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 67.4 | 7.40 | 19.3 | 0.685 | 57.8 | 6.64 | 19.2 | 0.668 | 70.8 | 8.22 | 22.3 | 0.720 | 66.1 | 7.90 | 21.1 | 0.708 | 60.9 | 6.49 | 18.9 | 0.725 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 48.1 | 5.96 | 13.2 | 0.627 | 44.4 | 5.46 | 12.6 | 0.597 | 55.4 | 7.15 | 13.3 | 0.642 | 48.1 | 6.30 | 13.5 | 0.624 | 47.8 | 5.61 | 11.8 | 0.642 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 55.8 | 6.19 | 9.2 | 0.560 | 50.0 | 5.73 | 9.4 | 0.568 | 56.9 | 7.15 | 10.7 | 0.621 | 49.2 | 6.24 | 10.7 | 0.598 | 39.1 | 4.88 | 9.8 | 0.627 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 51.9 | 5.98 | 15.2 | 0.643 | 45.6 | 5.02 | 14.8 | 0.637 | 63.1 | 6.25 | 14.6 | 0.669 | 50.8 | 6.25 | 15.6 | 0.642 | 53.6 | 5.57 | 15.3 | 0.674 |
| Model | T1: Patient-Dr. | T2: Job Int. | T3: Parent-Tch. | T4: Customer | ||||||||||||
| mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro † | 20.2 | 18.6 | 9.2 | 5.01 | 32.1 | 31.0 | 8.9 | 5.47 | 22.7 | 21.0 | 12.5 | 5.12 | 30.1 | 31.9 | 13.4 | 5.82 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 5.0 | 4.5 | 57.4 | 2.73 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 58.3 | 2.78 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 49.9 | 2.72 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 62.7 | 2.40 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1049.4 | 2.05 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 618.8 | 2.17 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1423.0 | 2.22 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 315.8 | 1.98 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 657.9 | 3.37 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 372.0 | 3.50 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1041.5 | 3.41 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 123.3 | 4.58 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 125.0 | 2.47 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 60.7 | 2.76 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 549.2 | 2.36 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 140.5 | 2.20 |
| Model | T5: Courtroom | T6: Emergency | T7: Transport | T8: Workplace | ||||||||||||
| mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro † | 32.7 | 33.5 | 15.1 | 5.38 | 20.0 | 17.8 | 14.1 | 5.44 | 27.0 | 22.6 | 7.8 | 6.09 | 28.8 | 29.6 | 10.2 | 5.31 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 4.0 | 2.9 | 38.5 | 2.59 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 42.3 | 2.46 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 44.8 | 2.57 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 59.0 | 2.50 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 1532.0 | 2.00 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 477.4 | 2.03 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 550.3 | 2.64 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 391.5 | 1.94 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 652.0 | 3.28 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 238.1 | 4.10 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 263.0 | 3.91 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 302.7 | 3.29 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 335.4 | 2.52 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 64.0 | 1.63 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 56.6 | 2.29 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 131.5 | 2.32 |
| Model | T9: Housing | T10: Restaurant | T11: Mental Hlth | T12: Town Halls | T13: Olympics | |||||||||||||||
| mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | mIoU | R@0.5 | MAE | Score | |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro † | 29.5 | 27.6 | 8.5 | 5.16 | 27.7 | 26.6 | 9.4 | 5.52 | 29.5 | 29.6 | 9.4 | 5.45 | 20.5 | 15.9 | 23.5 | 5.07 | 25.2 | 24.8 | 13.6 | 5.11 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 3.3 | 3.1 | 73.9 | 2.20 | 5.8 | 4.3 | 82.7 | 2.65 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 67.1 | 2.66 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 95.7 | 2.97 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 47.2 | 2.29 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 401.3 | 2.08 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 429.0 | 2.45 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 429.7 | 1.74 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1111.6 | 2.18 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 185.3 | 1.95 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 170.9 | 3.42 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 201.9 | 3.97 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 208.2 | 3.68 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 469.7 | 3.62 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 71.4 | 3.38 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 85.7 | 1.87 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 72.0 | 2.36 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 95.3 | 3.16 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 251.2 | 1.97 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 94.5 | 1.82 |
| Model | Relative–Absolute | Hallucination | Too Early | Too Late | Wrong Event / Right Time | Other | R@ 0.5 |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro | 0.2 | 0.4 | 5.6 | 9.2 | 3.1 | 81.5 | +0.09 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 0.5 | 7.0 | 30.5 | 36.9 | 1.3 | 23.8 | +0.09 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 39.4 | 27.1 | 13.0 | 9.6 | 0.7 | 10.1 | +1.14 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 7.3 | 26.8 | 14.8 | 37.5 | 0.6 | 12.9 | +0.04 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 0.9 | 13.0 | 25.9 | 38.5 | 0.8 | 21.0 | +0.00 |
| OLA | 10.7 | 11.9 | 17.8 | 33.2 | 0.8 | 25.5 | +0.13 |
| Group | Gemini 3.0 Pro † | Qwen3-Omni | UniMoE-2.0 | MiniCPM-o-2.6 | Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | OLA | VITA 1.5 | VideoLLaMA2 | ||||||||||||||||
| Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | ROUGE-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | ROUGE-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | ROUGE-L | Sim | Score | RG-L | Sim | Score | ROUGE-L | Sim | |
| Race | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arab | 6.90 | 27.8 | 0.811 | 5.95 | 22.2 | 0.695 | 5.00 | 21.9 | 0.706 | 3.57 | 14.1 | 0.576 | 4.29 | 20.3 | 0.654 | 4.76 | 19.6 | 0.644 | 2.76 | 16.4 | 0.465 | 1.00 | 11.5 | 0.289 |
| Indigenous | 6.70 | 24.3 | 0.853 | 4.13 | 19.0 | 0.745 | 4.35 | 18.9 | 0.749 | 3.61 | 14.6 | 0.689 | 3.70 | 17.9 | 0.730 | 4.39 | 16.8 | 0.689 | 1.65 | 15.2 | 0.440 | 1.04 | 8.9 | 0.227 |
| Asian | 7.05 | 27.9 | 0.818 | 5.71 | 23.2 | 0.740 | 4.62 | 20.2 | 0.695 | 3.26 | 14.5 | 0.579 | 3.61 | 17.7 | 0.577 | 4.29 | 18.5 | 0.619 | 2.65 | 15.8 | 0.488 | 1.63 | 13.0 | 0.412 |
| White | 6.68 | 25.9 | 0.809 | 5.28 | 21.6 | 0.701 | 4.29 | 20.2 | 0.699 | 3.26 | 14.7 | 0.572 | 3.22 | 18.1 | 0.591 | 4.27 | 18.6 | 0.636 | 2.50 | 16.0 | 0.476 | 1.45 | 12.7 | 0.367 |
| Group | Gemini 3.0 Pro † | Qwen3-Omni | UniMoE-2.0 | MiniCPM-o-2.6 | ||||||||||||
| Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | |
| Race | ||||||||||||||||
| Arab | 82.7 | 8.65 | 20.4 | 0.724 | 63.9 | 7.56 | 21.2 | 0.711 | 48.7 | 6.37 | 13.9 | 0.638 | 50.3 | 6.17 | 10.6 | 0.617 |
| Indigenous | 80.0 | 8.77 | 19.5 | 0.746 | 68.6 | 7.03 | 20.2 | 0.731 | 42.9 | 5.11 | 11.7 | 0.665 | 48.6 | 5.80 | 8.4 | 0.622 |
| Black | 79.2 | 8.68 | 19.8 | 0.712 | 63.5 | 7.35 | 20.1 | 0.705 | 48.9 | 6.25 | 13.3 | 0.633 | 49.5 | 6.00 | 10.0 | 0.596 |
| Asian | 80.3 | 8.63 | 19.8 | 0.706 | 61.8 | 7.33 | 20.5 | 0.705 | 53.6 | 6.30 | 13.3 | 0.639 | 51.0 | 6.38 | 10.6 | 0.605 |
| Group | Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | OLA | VITA 1.5 | VideoLLaMA2 | ||||||||||||
| Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | Acc. | Score | RG-L | Sim | |
| Race | ||||||||||||||||
| Arab | 58.6 | 6.30 | 15.3 | 0.655 | 51.3 | 6.53 | 14.1 | 0.642 | 47.1 | 6.10 | 12.6 | 0.614 | 20.9 | 3.92 | 9.9 | 0.519 |
| Indigenous | 62.9 | 6.89 | 15.3 | 0.720 | 31.4 | 5.97 | 13.9 | 0.688 | 42.4 | 6.39 | 12.1 | 0.653 | 8.6 | 3.51 | 7.7 | 0.546 |
| Black | 52.2 | 5.97 | 15.2 | 0.657 | 48.3 | 6.41 | 14.1 | 0.646 | 48.1 | 5.69 | 12.3 | 0.624 | 24.6 | 4.19 | 9.1 | 0.518 |
| Asian | 55.7 | 6.16 | 15.1 | 0.654 | 53.4 | 6.69 | 14.0 | 0.644 | 49.5 | 6.21 | 12.5 | 0.626 | 23.2 | 4.20 | 9.9 | 0.523 |
| Group | Gemini 3.0 Pro † | Qwen3-Omni | UniMoE-2.0 | MiniCPM-o-2.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| mIoU | R@0.3 | R@0.5 | Score | RG-L | Sim | mIoU | R@0.3 | R@0.5 | Score | RG-L | Sim | mIoU | R@0.3 | R@0.5 | Score | RG-L | Sim | mIoU | R@0.3 | R@0.5 | Score | RG-L | Sim | |
| Race | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arab | 23.4 | 32.6 | 21.1 | 5.23 | 26.9 | 0.638 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 2.59 | 27.0 | 0.686 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 2.33 | 22.6 | 0.530 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 3.46 | 18.6 | 0.412 |
| Indigenous | 36.7 | 55.7 | 40.9 | 6.41 | 28.0 | 0.694 | 4.0 | 8.1 | 0.0 | 2.48 | 27.5 | 0.677 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.51 | 28.3 | 0.594 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.23 | 21.1 | 0.484 |
| Asian | 31.3 | 46.6 | 30.7 | 5.69 | 27.6 | 0.658 | 4.5 | 6.1 | 2.9 | 2.67 | 27.6 | 0.690 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 2.26 | 22.8 | 0.521 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 3.60 | 18.1 | 0.377 |
| White | 24.4 | 35.3 | 23.0 | 5.22 | 28.0 | 0.666 | 3.6 | 5.2 | 2.6 | 2.62 | 27.7 | 0.695 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.10 | 23.9 | 0.557 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 3.56 | 19.3 | 0.405 |
| Group | Baichuan Omni 1.5 | OLA | VITA 1.5 | VideoLLaMA2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| mIoU | R@0.3 | R@0.5 | Score | RG-L | Sim | mIoU | R@0.3 | R@0.5 | Score | RG-L | Sim | mIoU | R@0.3 | R@0.5 | Score | RG-L | Sim | mIoU | R@0.3 | R@0.5 | Score | RG-L | Sim | |
| Race | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arab | 2.0 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 2.40 | 19.7 | 0.452 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 3.38 | 20.9 | 0.419 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 3.62 | 22.0 | 0.433 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 2.19 | 22.7 | 0.496 |
| Indigenous | 6.1 | 8.1 | 5.8 | 1.69 | 19.2 | 0.477 | 6.9 | 10.3 | 9.2 | 2.82 | 24.2 | 0.503 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 4.56 | 23.9 | 0.501 | 4.8 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.46 | 22.0 | 0.516 |
| Asian | 3.5 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 2.35 | 17.1 | 0.412 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 3.81 | 20.6 | 0.405 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 4.03 | 20.8 | 0.403 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 1.99 | 22.9 | 0.512 |
| White | 2.7 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 2.22 | 18.1 | 0.431 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 3.42 | 21.7 | 0.441 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 3.88 | 22.0 | 0.434 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 2.14 | 22.2 | 0.493 |
| Model | Pro- social (%) | Affili- ation (%) | In- sight (%) | Total Emo. (%) | Neg. Emo. (%) | Tone (pct.) |
| Gemini 3.0 Pro | 1.82 | 2.68 | 3.07 | 4.35 | 2.03 | 46.16 |
| Qwen3-Omni | 1.97 | 2.78 | 3.00 | 3.88 | 1.39 | 56.99 |
| UniMoE-2.0 | 2.07 | 2.69 | 3.39 | 3.54 | 0.93 | 57.94 |
| MiniCPM-o-2.6 | 1.06 | 1.42 | 2.51 | 1.41 | 0.38 | 46.10 |
| Baichuan-Omni 1.5 | 1.79 | 2.67 | 3.26 | 3.47 | 0.82 | 60.09 |
| OLA | 2.72 | 3.30 | 3.84 | 4.02 | 1.15 | 60.00 |