Improving Neural Argumentative Stance Classification in Controversial Topics with Emotion-Lexicon Features
Organizations: Innovations Department, Bundesdruckerei GmbH, Berlin, Germany · Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Germany · Hasso-Plattner-Institut, University of Potsdam, Germany · University of Lausanne, Switzerland ·
Abstract
Argumentation mining comprises several subtasks, among which stance classification focuses on identifying the standpoint expressed in an argumentative text toward a specific target topic. While arguments-especially about controversial topics-often appeal to emotions, most prior work has not systematically incorporated explicit, fine-grained emotion analysis to improve performance on this task. In particular, prior research on stance classification has predominantly utilized non-argumentative texts and has been restricted to specific domains or topics, limiting generalizability. We work on five datasets from diverse domains encompassing a range of controversial topics and present an approach for expanding the Bias-Corrected NRC Emotion Lexicon using DistilBERT embeddings, which we feed into a Neural Argumentative Stance Classification model. Our method systematically expands the emotion lexicon through contextualized embeddings to identify emotionally charged terms not previously captured in the lexicon. Our expanded NRC lexicon (eNRC) improves over the baseline across all five datasets (up to +6.2 percentage points in F1 score), outperforms the original NRC on four datasets (up to +3.0), and surpasses the LLM-based approach on nearly all corpora. We provide all resources-including eNRC, the adapted corpora, and model architecture-to enable other researchers to build upon our work.
Figures & tables
| Corpora | Full Name | Domain | Size | Argument Types | Stance Labels | #Topics | Average #Tokens |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMT1 | Microtext Corpus 1 | Short argumentative texts | 112 texts, 576 segments (ADUs) | Premise, Claim | Pro/Opp | 19 | 14 |
| AMT2 | Microtext Corpus 2 | Short argumentative texts | 116 texts, 614 segments (ADUs) | Premise, Claim | Pro/Opp | 34 | 13 |
| PE | Persuasive Essays | Student essays | 402 essays, 7,116 segments(ADUs), (1506 used) | Premise, Claim, Major Claim | For/Against | 402 | 16 |
| IBM | IBM Debater Claim Stance | Debate arguments | 2,394 segments | Claim | Pro/Con | 55 | 12 |
| UKP | UKP Sentential Argument Mining | Web discourse | 25,492 segments | Argumentative segment | For/Against/No | 8 | 24 |
| IBM | UKP | PE | AMT1+2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MajC | 35.6 | 35.7 | 44.9 | 45.3 |
| Qwen2.5-7B | 36.2 | 30.7 | 38.9 | 62.3 |
| noNRC | 64.7 | 67.3 | 56.9 | 64.1 |
| NRC | 64.8 | 65.4 | 60.3 | 63.4 |
| eNRC | 65.9 † | 68.4 † | 62.9 | 68.5 |
Argument Mining
Argument mining identifies claims, premises, and their relations in text to reveal how people construct and contest arguments.
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