Still Fresh? Evaluating Temporal Drift in Retrieval Benchmarks
Organizations: University of Waterloo Waterloo, Canada
Abstract
Information retrieval (IR) benchmarks typically follow the Cranfield paradigm, relying on static and predefined corpora. However, temporal changes in technical corpora, such as API deprecations and code reorganizations, can render existing benchmarks stale. In our work, we investigate how temporal corpus drift affects FreshStack, a retrieval benchmark focused on technical domains. We examine two independent corpus snapshots of FreshStack from October 2024 and October 2025 to answer questions about LangChain. Our analysis shows that all but one query posed in 2024 remain fully supported by the 2025 corpus, as relevant documents "migrate" from LangChain to competitor repositories, such as LlamaIndex. Next, we compare the accuracy of retrieval models on both snapshots and observe only minor shifts in model rankings, with overall strong correlation of up to 0.978 Kendall at Recall@50. These results suggest that retrieval benchmarks re-judged with evolving temporal corpora can remain reliable for retrieval evaluation. We publicly release all our artifacts at https://github.com/fresh-stack/driftbench.
Figures & tables
| GitHub Repository | October 2024 | October 2025 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #Docs | Supporting (%) | #Docs | Supporting (%) | |
| langchain | 11,037 | 2,000 (50.9%) | 3,628 | 921 (24.8%) |
| langchainjs | 3,852 | 733 (18.6%) | 3,921 | 950 (25.5%) |
| llama_index | 11,627 | 634 (16.1%) | 9,751 | 842 (22.6%) |
| transformers | 13,580 | 173 (4.4%) | 13,798 | 223 (6.0%) |
| openai-cookbook | 537 | 160 (4.1%) | 970 | 320 (8.6%) |
| Embedding Model | LangChain (2024) | LangChain (2025) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N@10 | C@20 | R@50 | N@10 | C@20 | R@50 | |
| BM25 Robertson & Zaragoza,2009 | 0.228 | 0.576 | 0.170 | 0.187 | 0.489 | 0.154 |
| Qwen3 (8B) Zhang et al.,2025 | 0.503 | 0.877 | 0.432 | 0.480 | 0.868 | 0.424 |
| Qwen3 (4B) Zhang et al.,2025 | 0.501 | 0.868 | 0.436 | 0.482 | 0.873 | 0.437 |
| Qwen3 (0.6B) Zhang et al.,2025 | 0.442 | 0.821 | 0.362 | 0.411 | 0.782 | 0.372 |
| Stella (1.5B) Zhang & FulongWang,2024 | 0.444 | 0.824 | 0.374 | 0.430 | 0.830 | 0.371 |
| Metric | -nDCG@10 | Coverage@20 | Recall@50 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kendall | 0.846 | 0.692 | 0.978 |
IR Evaluation
Information Retrieval (IR) Evaluation measures how well search systems find, rank, and cover useful evidence across queries, collections, and settings.
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