We introduce Fish Audio S2, an open-sourced text-to-speech system featuring multi-speaker, multi-turn generation, and, most importantly, instruction-following control via natural-language descriptions. To scale training, we develop a multi-stage training recipe together with a staged data pipeline covering video captioning and speech captioning, voice-quality assessment, and reward modeling. To push the frontier of open-source TTS, we release our model weights, fine-tuning code, and an SGLang-based inference engine. The inference engine is production-ready for streaming, achieving an RTF of 0.195 and a time-to-first-audio below 100 ms.Our code and weights are available on GitHub (https://github.com/fishaudio/fish-speech) and Hugging Face (https://huggingface.co/fishaudio/s2-pro). We highly encourage readers to visit https://fish.audio to try custom voices.
Figures & tables
Figure 1: Fish Audio S2 is a multilingual, controllable, and expressive TTS system supporting long-form, multi-speaker, multi-turn generation with ultra-low TTFA and RTF.
Figure 2: Fish Audio S2 architecture.
Figure 3: Fish Audio S2 data pipeline.
Figure 4: Fish Audio S2 supports multi-speaker generation with fine-grained natural language control over prosody, emotion, and speaking style.
Figure 5: Training reward curves during RL-based post-training.
Model
WER (%) ↓ test-zh | test-en | zh-hard
Fish Audio S2
0.54 | 0.99 | 5.99
Fish Audio S1
0.54 | 1.07 | 17.00
CosyVoice 3-1.5B ( Du et al., 2025 )
1.12 | 2.21 | 5.83
Qwen3-TTS ( Hu et al., 2026 )
0.77 | 1.24 | –
Qwen3-Omni ( Xu et al., 2025b )
1.07 | 1.39 | –
FireRedTTS-2 ( Xie et al., 2025 )
1.14 | 1.95 | –
Table 1: Results on Seed-TTS-Eval.
Model
WER (%) ↓
zh
en
ja
ko
de
es
fr
it
ru
hard-zh
hard-en
Fish Audio S2
2.65
2.43
3.96
2.76
2.22
2.00
6.26
2.04
2.78
9.10
4.40
Fish Audio S1
2.98
3.00
4.54
3.19
2.78
2.84
8.15
2.94
5.18
9.72
7.26
CosyVoice2 + DiffRO
3.00
4.72
6.36
5.14
–
–
–
–
–
10.66
10.25
CosyVoice3-0.5B + DiffRO
2.89
3.68
5.15
4.02
4.51
2.99
8.56
2.94
3.79
8.26
7.60
CosyVoice3-1.5B + DiffRO
3.01
3.71
5.27
4.01
3.93
3.26
8.09
2.72
4.11
9.06
7.56
Table 2: Results on CV3-Eval multilingual voice cloning subset.
Language
WER (%) ↓
SIM ↑
MiniMax
ElevenLabs
Fish Audio S2
Fish Audio S1
MiniMax
ElevenLabs
Fish Audio S2
Fish Audio S1
Arabic
1.665
1.666
3.500
6.420
0.736
0.706
0.750
0.713
Cantonese
34.111
51.513
30.670
48.800
0.778
0.670
0.805
0.773
Chinese
2.252
16.026
0.730
0.980
0.780
0.677
0.816
0.777
Czech
3.875
2.108
2.840
18.020
0.796
0.685
0.798
0.733
Dutch
1.143
0.803
0.990
2.270
0.738
0.680
0.730
0.701
Table 3: Results on the Minimax Multilingual Testset.
Model
English
Chinese
WER (%) ↓
SIM-Mean ↑
SIM-Std ↓
CER (%) ↓
SIM-Mean ↑
SIM-Std ↓
Fish Audio S2
4.38
0.523
0.0761
5.95
0.557
0.0923
Fish Audio S1
6.26
0.436
0.108
6.44
0.505
0.108
Qwen3-TTS ( Hu et al., 2026 )
7.69
0.390
0.0737
8.09
0.574
0.0614
VibeVoice ( Peng et al., 2025 )
28.0
0.530
0.0572
26.2
0.609
0.0537
Table 4: Results on the Long-Audio benchmark.
Model
Mean (Std)
95 % HDI
Fish Audio S2
0.483 (0.068)
[0.477, 0.489]
Fish Audio S2 (w/ instruction)
0.515 (0.061)
[0.510, 0.521]
Fish Audio S1
0.479 (0.087)
[0.471, 0.486]
Seed-TTS ( Anastassiou et al., 2024 )
0.417 (0.011)
[0.398, 0.438]
MiniMax-Speech ( Zhang et al., 2025 )
0.387 (0.011)
[0.368, 0.407]
Step-Audio ( Huang et al., 2025 )
0.286 (0.011)
[0.266, 0.307]
Table 5: Posterior summary statistics from the ATT evaluation: means, standard deviations (Std), and 95% highest density intervals (HDI).
Model
Overall
Emotions
Foreign Words
Paralinguistics
Questions
Syntactic Comp.
WER (%) ↓
Win (%) ↑
WER (%) ↓
Win (%) ↑
WER (%) ↓
Win (%) ↑
WER (%) ↓
Win (%) ↑
WER (%) ↓
Win (%) ↑
WER (%) ↓
Win (%) ↑
Fish Audio S2 ⋆
8.15
81.88
0.52
86.61
14.74
63.39
24.58
91.61
0.38
84.41
0.51
83.39
Fish Audio S1
7.60
36.88
0.75
24.82
15.77
53.75
20.02
37.68
0.72
43.55
0.74
24.64
Gemini-2.5-Flash-Preview-TTS ⋆
6.35
79.10
0.71
97.32
11.80
65.56
18.38
91.25
0.40
74.82
0.50
67.14
Gemini-2.5-Flash-Preview-TTS
6.59
78.00
0.60
95.00
12.99
63.03
18.25
89.10
0.36
74.82
0.73
68.03
gpt-4o-audio-preview ⋆
7.75
77.36
1.82
96.96
13.30
70.00
21.15
89.46
1.38
62.50
1.16
68.39
Table 6: Results on EmergentTTS-Eval across five dimensions, with WER and Win-Rate against baseline. ⋆ indicates strong prompting.
Dataset
Metric
Fish Audio S2
Fish Audio S1
Chinese
TAR ↑
0.984
0.942
Naturalness ↑
4.40
4.15
Expressiveness ↑
4.94
4.65
English
TAR ↑
0.881
0.626
Naturalness ↑
4.21
3.71
Expressiveness ↑
4.50
3.93
Table 7: Results on the Fish Audio Instruction Benchmark.
We introduce Fish Audio Drama 3, an open-source speech generation model that turns text into directed performances, built on a 35B-parameter mixture-of-experts backbone that activates 3B parameters per token. It clones voices from multiple references, follows natural-language direction, revises a take when the next turn gives a note, voices multi-character scenes, edits existing speech by infilling, and synthesizes long-form and streaming audio. Multi-turn revision, scene dubbing, editing by infilling, and streaming text input are new in Drama 3, all in one model. Drama 3 pairs the hybrid linear-attention backbone with a new codebook multi-token-prediction audio decoder that predicts the acoustic codebooks of each frame in dedicated layers that attend over the entire sequence. The model is trained with a three-stage pre-training recipe, instruction fine-tuning, and large-batch reinforcement learning whose only reward is a single learned model of human preference. Its inference engine decodes a single stream at 271 frames per second on one H200, against 177 for Fish Audio S2, although Drama 3 has more than seven times as many parameters. The model weights are available on GitHub (https://github.com/fishaudio/fish-speech) and Hugging Face (https://huggingface.co/fishaudio/drama-3), and inference is available through SGLang-Omni (https://github.com/sgl-project/sglang-omni). We highly encourage readers to visit https://fish.audio to direct their own performances.
Instruction-following text-to-speech (TTS) typically leaves voice design implicit, as conventional speaker embeddings encode reference audio rather than text-driven targets. We propose VoTSpeech, which decouples voice design from speech generation via an explicit intermediate voice latent. Built on a shared language model backbone, VoTSpeech first predicts a continuous voice latent from text instructions using a flow-based module. This latent serves as a shared condition for both the language model and the Acoustic DiT, guiding autoregressive sequence modeling and acoustic latent generation, respectively, before an audio VAE decoder converts the acoustic latents into waveforms. To capture speaker identity and complementary acoustic nuances, the voice latent is jointly supervised by speaker embeddings and temporally pooled audio VAE features. With task-specific adaptation, VoTSpeech performs strongly on InstructTTSEval-ZH, demonstrating competitive capabilities against strong open-source models while maintaining high naturalness. These results confirm that explicit voice latent design and its conditioning interface effectively empower text-driven voice design for controllable speech synthesis. Code, model, and audio samples are available at https://github.com/ywbn/VoTSpeech .
Wenbing Yang, Qihang Lu, Zihan Sun +4
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China · Hello Group, Beijing, China
Instruction-based text-to-speech (ITTS) systems enable natural-language control of expressive speech generation, but often offer limited transparency and fine-grained control over individual text units. Character-level controllable TTS systems provide explicit acoustic control, yet typically rely on user-specified acoustic attributes. To bridge this gap, we propose InstCharVoice, a unified framework that grounds natural-language instructions in character-level acoustic control. We first construct grounded instruction annotations on the WordVoice-5A-zh corpus using Qwen3-Omni. With this supervision, we train an autoregressive model to identify instruction-relevant characters and predict their acoustic attributes before generating the corresponding speech tokens. Keyword prediction and grounding-aware loss weighting help the model focus on instruction-relevant characters and attributes. Experiments show improved instruction following and keyword-level acoustic control over representative ITTS systems, with competitive speech naturalness and explicit character-level controllability. Audio samples are available at https://xxh333.github.io/instcharvoice-demo/.
Sihang Nie, Xueru Li, Xiaofen Xing +4
South China University of Technology · Huya Inc. · The Hongkong Polytechnic University