Full-stream text-to-speech (TTS) for interactive systems must start speaking with minimal delay while remaining controllable as text arrives incrementally. We present VoXtream2, a zero-shot full-stream TTS model with dynamic speaking-rate control that can be updated mid-utterance on the fly. VoXtream2 combines a distribution matching mechanism over duration states with classifier-free guidance across conditioning signals to improve controllability and synthesis quality. Prompt-text masking enables textless audio prompting, removing the need for prompt transcription. Across standard zero-shot benchmarks and a dedicated speaking-rate test set, VoXtream2 achieves competitive objective and subjective results against public baselines despite a smaller model and less training data. In full-stream mode, it runs 4 times faster than real time with 74 ms first-packet latency on a consumer GPU.
Figures & tables
Model
Open
Voice
Full
Dynamic
Weight
Cloning
Stream
Control
Parler-TTS [ 8 ]
✓
Spark-TTS-Ctrl [ 9 ]
✓
ControlSpeech [ 10 ]
✓
MaskGCT [ 11 ]
✓
✓
VoiceStar [ 12 ]
✓
✓
Table 1: Comparison of VoXtream2 with other speaking rate control models. Spark-TTS-Ctrl stands for controllable version.
Figure 1: Overview of VoXtream2 architecture.
Model
#Data(h)
#Params
SEED test-en
LibriSpeech-PC test-clean
Naturalness ↑
WER (%) ↓
SPK-SIM ↑
UTMOS ↑
WER (%) ↓
SPK-SIM ↑
UTMOS ↑
μ± 95% CI
Human
-
-
1.50
0.734
3.53
1.95
0.695
4.10
56.7 ± 2.6
CosyVoice2
167k Multi.
618M
2.27
0.658
4.16
1.93
0.655
4.38
66.2 ± 2.5
VoiceStar
65k EN
840M
2.20
0.605
3.92
2.14
0.603
4.25
60.0 ± 2.6
MaskGCT
100k Multi.
1048M
2.03
0.712
3.56
2.58
0.691
3.92
57.6 ± 2.6
Spark-TTS
102k Multi.
507M
1.85
0.572
3.94
2.11
0.578
4.35
63.2 ± 2.5
Table 2: Evaluation results of zero-shot TTS models. Bold for the best result, underline for the second-best result. Naturalness is measured as MUSHRA scores (0–100). VoXtream2-B denotes baseline model without acoustic prompt enhancement.
Figure 2: Speaking rate control mechanism.
Model
Slow
Normal
Fast
WER (%) ↓
Baseline
2.80±5.64
2.10±4.32
4.21±8.10
Prompt mask
2.14±3.27
2.20±3.54
2.13±3.73
Speaking rate
Baseline
3.15±0.82
3.48±0.80
3.58±0.84
Prompt mask
2.76±0.72
3.09±0.74
3.37±0.84
Table 3: Evaluation of prompt text masking on different prompt speaking rates. Mean ± STD is reported.
Model
FPL(ms) ↓
RTF ↓
CosyVoice2: TRT
837
0.546
Kyutai-TTS: CG
277
0.272
VoXtream: TC
78
0.223
VoXtream2: CG
74
0.256
VoXtream2: TC
63
0.173
Table 4: Performance in mixed precision on an RTX3090 GPU in full-stream. TC denotes Torch Compile, CG denotes CUDA graphs, and TRT corresponds to TensorRT.
Figure 3: Evaluation of text chunk size in a full-stream.
Figure 4: Comparison of different TTS models across various speaking rates for utterance-level control.
Figure 6: Correlation between target and synthesized speaking rates across different TTS models.
Model
Corr.
WER (%) ↓
SPK-SIM ↑
UTMOS ↑
No SRC
-
3.26
0.624
3.86
S (1 SPS)
-
16.51
0.620
3.53
N (4 SPS)
-
3.20
0.626
3.83
F (7 SPS)
-
3.52
0.609
3.81
S → N → F
0.701
4.73
0.628
3.75
F → N → S
0.826
11.25
0.626
3.71
Table 5: Evaluation of dynamic speaking rate control. S, N, and F denote Slow, Normal, and Fast target speaking rates.
Figure 8: Examples of dynamic speaking rate control. S, N, and F denote Slow, Normal, and Fast target speaking rates.
Model
WER (%) ↓
SPK-SIM ↑
UTMOS ↑
VoXtream [ 31 ]
3.16
0.529
3.88
+ Data & updates
2.29
0.578
3.94
+ CFG text
1.37
0.578
3.91
+ CFG audio
1.62
0.661
3.65
+ CFG speaker
1.55
0.674
3.60
+ Speaker weight
1.45
0.679
3.56
Table 6: Modular analysis of VoXtream2 modifications.
TPS
LA
WER (%) ↓
FPL(ms) ↓
RTF ↓
-
∞
1.44
44
0.229
∞
3
2.29
75
0.256
40
3
2.29
75
0.254
20
3
2.98
67
0.259
10
1
56.13
56
0.262
10
2
22.89
56
0.274
Table 7: Effect of input text streaming rate (TPS) and phoneme look-ahead (LA) on full-stream TTS performance.
Figure 9: Influence of the CFG γ on the speaking rate control.
Recent full-stream text-to-speech (TTS) models enable low-latency personalized synthesis as input text arrives. However, sustaining generation beyond the lengths seen during training without additional training remains largely unexplored. We systematically analyze VoXtream2, which extends generation by periodically discarding past context while retaining the acoustic prompt. We find that this strategy does not prevent degradation: pronunciation accuracy deteriorates near the end of the training range due to the range of positions in which the model operates rather than the loss of past context, while speaker similarity gradually declines throughout generation. Based on these findings, we propose two training-free modifications that reduce the attention window and strengthen attention to the acoustic prompt. Experiments show that these modifications preserve pronunciation accuracy and speaker similarity throughout long-form generation while retaining the naturalness of the original model. Ablations further show complementary effects of the two modifications.
Jeseung Lim, Jiseong Woo, Heeseung Kim
Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea · Department of AI, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Recent progress in speech dialogue systems requires Text-to-Speech (TTS) models to be faster and more responsive. Modern speech dialogue systems impose two primary requirements on TTS models: low latency and support for streaming inputs and outputs. However, most existing single-codebook LLM-based TTS methods rely on multi-stage pipelines that lack native streaming capabilities. These systems typically suffer from high end-to-end latency due to slow autoregressive prediction and multi-step flow matching. To address these limitations, we propose FlashTTS, an open-source and low-latency streaming TTS framework. FlashTTS introduces a lagged multi-track architecture that natively processes streaming text and speech inputs, thereby eliminating the need for sentence-level buffering. To accelerate acoustic generation, we integrate parallel Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) with an X-pred mean flow matching decoder. This configuration achieves high-fidelity token-to-mel generation in exactly two function evaluations (2-NFE). By jointly optimizing input processing and decoding efficiency, FlashTTS offers a practical foundation for real-time speech dialogue systems. Experiments show that FlashTTS substantially reduces First-Packet Latency to 325ms compared to robust streaming baselines, all while preserving strong zero-shot voice cloning and cross-lingual intelligibility. Speech samples are available. The model code and checkpoints will be released as open source.
Text-to-speech systems often face a trade-off between natural prosody and efficient inference: higher perceptual quality usually comes at increased computational cost and latency. We present TontaubeV1, a model that preserves natural prosody while enabling streaming from a single consumer GPU. Speech is encoded by the hierarchical DualCodec representation at 12.5 Hz, which separates a semantic stream from successive acoustic refinements. Our design assumes that prosodic structure is largely established when the semantic stream is generated, and allocates capacity accordingly: a Qwen3-1.7B-derived transformer predicts that stream and thereby the utterance duration, while three progressively smaller Qwen3-0.6B-derived transformers each add one acoustic refinement. Text is tokenized per character rather than by subword. Paired text and audio markers at shared positions support long-form generation with bounded context, and overlapping DualCodec reconstructions are mapped into the VibeVoice acoustic latent space and decoded causally, enabling streaming despite DualCodec's noncausal decoder. The model accepts up to one minute of reference audio for voice conditioning and is designed primarily for English and German, with additional multilingual support. The four predictors total 2.9B parameters; on a single RTX 5090 the streaming path reaches about 200 ms to first audio. In separate non-streaming measurements, the end-to-end real-time factor (RTF) is 0.08 for one input and the aggregate RTF is 0.02 across eight concurrent inputs. In a blinded study, 40 listeners preferred TontaubeV1's prosody over Fish Audio S2 Pro in 70.25% of 400 comparisons (95% CI: 64.2-75.7%). On an LLM-as-a-judge benchmark, it matches ElevenLabs Flash v2.5 and outperforms the April 2026 Gradium API and Cartesia Sonic 3 on prosody. The weights are released on Hugging Face under the Tontaube Community Model License 1.0.