CAST-TTS: A Simple Cross-Attention Framework for Unified Timbre Control in TTS
Organizations: Shanghai AI Lab, China · MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence, X-LANCE Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Abstract
Current Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems typically use separate models for speech-prompted and text-prompted timbre control. While unifying both control signals into a single model is desirable, the challenge of cross-modal alignment often results in overly complex architectures and training objective. To address this challenge, we propose CAST-TTS, a simple yet effective framework for unified timbre control. Features are extracted from speech prompts and text prompts using pre-trained encoders. The multi-stage training strategy efficiently aligns the speech and projected text representations within a shared embedding space. A single cross-attention mechanism then allows the model to use either of these representations to control the timbre. Extensive experiments validate that the unified cross-attention mechanism is critical for achieving high-quality synthesis. CAST-TTS achieves performance comparable to specialized single-input models while operating within a unified architecture. The demo page can be accessed at https://HiRookie9.github.io/CAST-TTS-Page.
Figures & tables
| Objective Evaluations | Subjective Evaluations | ||||||
| Prompt | Model | WER(%)↓ | SPK-Sim↑ | Style-ACC(%)↑ | UTMOS↑ | N-MOS↑ | Sim-MOS↑ |
| Speech | F5-TTS-v1 | 2.31 | 75.4 | - | 3.87 | 4.13 | 4.17 |
| MaskGCT | 3.54 | 74.5 | - | 3.90 | 3.73 | 3.93 | |
| ZipVoice-L | 1.77 | 66.7 | - | 4.26 | 3.90 | 4.01 | |
| CAST-TTS | 2.05 | 78.4 | - | 3.91 | 3.86 | 4.09 | |
| Text | CapSpeech-NAR | 5.11 | - | 88.93 | 4.06 | 4.08 | 4.05 |
| Speech Prompt | Text Prompt | ||||||
| Model | Feature | WER(%)↓ | SPK-Sim↑ | UTMOS↑ | WER(%)↓ | Style-ACC(%)↑ | UTMOS↑ |
| CAST-SA | Melspec | 3.74 | 35.8 | 3.97 | 4.17 | 81.25 | 3.78 |
| ECAPA-TDNN | 5.48 | 43.0 | 4.00 | 6.56 | 90.00 | 3.91 | |
| CAST-SACA | Melspec | 2.67 | 35.5 | 3.95 | 4.52 | 90.10 | 3.89 |
| ECAPA-TDNN | 3.18 | 41.2 | 4.06 | 4.93 | 90.26 | 3.90 | |
| CAST-CA | ECAPA-TDNN | 3.13 | 69.5 | 3.82 | 4.47 | 89.01 | 3.91 |
| Feature | WER(%)↓ | Sim-T↑ | Sim-E↑ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melspec | 3.41 | 47.9 | 32.8 |
| TitaNet | 3.50 | 80.9 | 64.4 |
| ECAPA-TDNN | 2.51 | 80.0 | 72.8 |
TTS Synthesis
Text-to-speech synthesis converts written language into intelligible, natural-sounding speech with control over voice, prosody, style, and timing.
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