With the emergence of AI techniques for depression diagnosis, the conflict between high demand and limited supply for depression screening has been significantly alleviated. Among various modal data, audio-based depression diagnosis has received increasing attention from both academia and industry since audio is the most common carrier of emotion transmission. Unfortunately, audio data also contains User-sensitive Identity Information (ID), which is extremely vulnerable and may be maliciously used during the smart diagnosis process. Among previous methods, the clarification between depression features and sensitive features has always serve as a barrier. It is also critical to the problem for introducing a safe encryption methodology that only encrypts the sensitive features and a powerful classifier that can correctly diagnose the depression. To track these challenges, by leveraging adversarial loss-based Subspace Decomposition, we propose a first practical framework \name presented for Trustable Audio Affective Computing, to perform automated depression detection through audio within a trustable environment. The key enablers of TAAC are Differentiating Features Subspace Decompositor (DFSD), Flexible Noise Encryptor (FNE) and Staged Training Paradigm, used for decomposition, ID encryption and performance enhancement, respectively. Extensive experiments with existing encryption methods demonstrate our framework's preeminent performance in depression detection, ID reservation and audio reconstruction. Meanwhile, the experiments across various setting demonstrates our model's stability under different encryption strengths. Thus proving our framework's excellence in Confidentiality, Accuracy, Traceability, and Adjustability.
Figures & tables
Fig. 1: The kernel insight of our implementation
Method
PRE
REC
F1
ACC
Unsupervised Autoencoder [ 29 ]
85%
80%
83%
-
MFCC-based RNN [ 27 ]
75%(70%)
95%(26%)
84%(38%)
74%
Feature Fusion based on spectral analysis [ 22 ]
83%
100%
91%
85%
Attentive LSTM Network [ 46 ]
-
-
94.01%
90.2%
Graph Neural Network [ 31 ]
92.36±2.53%
92.18±1.55%
92.23±2.01%
92.21±1.86%
MFCC & CNN generated spectrogram features [ 8 ]
86.4%(93.4%)
93.6%(85.9%)
89.85%(89.5%)
90.26%
TABLE I: A brief summary of representative methods.
Fig. 2: General design of our proposed model.
Our Arthitecture - TAAC
ACC
REC
PRE
F1
Unencrypted
84.75%
0.88
0.86
0.87
Encrypted (Strength 5)
80.17%
0.88
0.85
0.86
Encrypted (Strength 10)
83.62%
0.92
0.84
0.88
Encrypted (Strength 25)
78.28%
0.91
0.8
0.85
Other Methods
ACC
REC
PRE
F1
Chaos Maps-Based Encryption
64.00%
0.72
0.83
0.77
TABLE II: Evaluation results on depression detection task.
Fig. 3: Confusion matrix on depression detection with encStrength 25.
Fig. 4: Confusion matrix on depression detection with encStrength 10.
Data - Method
MSE
MAE
PSNR
Encrypted ( TAAC )
7.56
2.75
-30.02dB
Reconstructed ( TAAC )
2.7e-4
1.0e-2
14.46dB
Encrypted (Chaos Maps-Based)
1.4e+7
2.7e+3
-1.91dB
Reconstructed (Chaos Maps-Based)
82.90
0.55
50.3dB
Encrypted (Homomorphic)
0.91
0.95
-20.82dB
Reconstructed (Homomorphic)
0.00
0.00
98.77dB
TABLE III: Statistical differences between the encrpyted audio, the reconstructed audio and the original audio.
Our Arthitecture - TAAC
ACC
FAR
FRR
EER
Encrypted (Strength 5)
75.40%
0.48
0.01
0.26
Encrypted (Strength 10)
58.47%
0.83
0.01
0.3
Encrypted (Strength 25)
50.53%
0.97
0.02
0.49
Other Methods
ACC
FAR
FRR
EER
Unencrypted
100.00%
0
0
0
Chaos Maps-Based Encryption
51.06%
0.75
0.23
0.35
TABLE IV: Evaluation results on PII extraction task.
Fig. 5: Radar chart comparison of the three encryption methods.
Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China