We present LongCat-AudioDiT, a novel, non-autoregressive diffusion-based text-to-speech (TTS) model that achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. Unlike previous methods that rely on intermediate acoustic representations such as mel-spectrograms, the core innovation of LongCat-AudioDiT lies in operating directly within the waveform latent space. This approach effectively mitigates compounding errors and drastically simplifies the TTS pipeline, requiring only a waveform variational autoencoder (Wav-VAE) and a diffusion backbone. Furthermore, we introduce two critical improvements to the inference process: first, we identify and rectify a long-standing training-inference mismatch; second, we replace traditional classifier-free guidance with adaptive projection guidance to elevate generation quality. Experimental results demonstrate that, despite the absence of complex multi-stage training pipelines or high-quality human-annotated datasets, LongCat-AudioDiT achieves SOTA zero-shot voice cloning performance on the Seed benchmark while maintaining competitive intelligibility. Specifically, our largest variant, LongCat-AudioDiT-3.5B, outperforms the previous SOTA model (Seed-TTS), improving the speaker similarity (SIM) scores from 0.809 to 0.818 on Seed-ZH, and from 0.776 to 0.797 on Seed-Hard. Finally, through comprehensive ablation studies and systematic analysis, we validate the effectiveness of our proposed modules. Notably, we investigate the interplay between the Wav-VAE and the TTS backbone, revealing the counterintuitive finding that superior reconstruction fidelity in the Wav-VAE does not necessarily lead to better overall TTS performance. Code and model weights are released to foster further research within the speech community.
Figures & tables
Figure 1: Overview of LongCat-AudioDiT. Our architecture generates continuous waveform latents directly, thereby avoiding the compounding errors that inherently arise when predicting and subsequently converting intermediate representations (e.g., mel-spectrograms) into waveforms.
Figure 2: Architecture of LongCat-AudioDiT. Middle : The overall architecture. Left : Detailed structure of the DiT block. Right : Detailed structure of the text encoder.
Model
ZH
EN
ZH-Hard
CER (%) ↓
SIM ↑
WER (%) ↓
SIM ↑
CER (%) ↓
SIM ↑
GT
1.26
0.755
2.14
0.734
-
-
NAR Models
Seed-DiT ( Anastassiou et al., 2024 )
1.18
0.809
1.73
0.790
-
-
MaskGCT ( Wang et al., 2024 )
2.27
0.774
2.62
0.714
10.27
0.748
E2 TTS ( Eskimez et al., 2024b )
1.97
0.730
2.19
0.710
-
-
Table 1: Objective evaluation results of LongCat-AudioDiT on the Seed benchmark ( Anastassiou et al., 2024 ) . The results of other methods are taken from the original paper or, if open-sourced, evaluated by us. Bold indicates the best score. Underline indicates the second-best score.
Model
Nq
FPS
PESQ ↑
STOI ↑
UTMOS ↑
GT
–
–
4.644
1.0
4.056
Discrete Codecs
DAC ( Kumar et al., 2023 )
9
900
3.908
0.970
3.910
Encodec ( Défossez et al., 2022 )
8
600
2.720
0.939
3.040
Vocos ( Siuzdak, 2023 )
8
600
2.807
0.943
3.695
WavTokenizer ( Ji et al., 2024 )
1
75
2.373
0.914
4.049
Table 2: Objective evaluation results of the proposed Wav-VAE on the LibriTTS Zen et al. (2019) test-clean subset. Bold indicates the best score among continuous VAEs. Nq is the number of codebooks for discrete codecs. For codecs, frame per second (FPS) denotes the number of tokens per second.
Figure 3: Objective evaluation results for both Wav-VAE reconstruction and TTS synthesis under varying latent dimensions . For ease of reading, we negate WER-TTS.
TTS Latent Model
ZH
EN
ZH-Hard
CER (%) ↓
SIM ↑
WER (%) ↓
SIM ↑
CER (%) ↓
SIM ↑
Mel-VAE
1.29
0.706
2.20
0.714
7.70
0.696
Wav-VAE
1.18
0.812
1.78
0.762
6.33
0.787
Table 3: Objective evaluation results of TTS models based on Wav-VAE and Mel-VAE on the Seed benchmark ( Anastassiou et al., 2024 ) . Bold indicates the best score.
Figure 4: Objective evaluation results for both Wav-VAE reconstruction and TTS synthesis across varying latent frame rates (FPS) . For ease of reading, we negate WER-TTS.
Experiment
CER (%) ↓
SIM ↑
UTMOS ↑
DNSMOS ↑
LongCat-AudioDiT-1B
1.18
0.812
3.16
3.40
training-inference mismatch
1.21
0.769
2.83
3.34
w/o APG
1.18
0.812
3.06
3.38
Table 4: Objective evaluation results of the ablation studies on noise-prompt dual masking and APG on the Seed-ZH benchmark ( Anastassiou et al., 2024 ) . Bold indicates the best score.