The ATOM Report: Measuring the Open Language Model Ecosystem
Organizations: Interconnects AI, atomproject.ai
Abstract
We present a comprehensive adoption snapshot of the leading open language models and who is building them, focusing on the ~1.5K mainline open models from the likes of Alibaba's Qwen, DeepSeek, Meta's Llama, that are the foundation of an ecosystem crucial to researchers, entrepreneurs, and policy advisors. We document a clear trend where Chinese models overtook their counterparts built in the U.S. in the summer of 2025 and subsequently widened the gap over their western counterparts. We study a mix of Hugging Face downloads and model derivatives, inference market share, performance metrics and more to make a comprehensive picture of the ecosystem.
Figures & tables
Appendix figures & tables3 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
| Bucket | Model | 7d | 14d | 30d | 60d | 90d | 180d |
| 1–5B | DeepSeek OCR (3B) | 12.68 | 15.45 | 8.59 | 6.11 | 3.78 | 2.30 |
| 302K | 1.3M | 4.3M | 9.4M | 12.8M | 21.4M | ||
| Qwen 3.5 4B | 6.97 | 8.93 | 4.80 | 4.09 | |||
| 166K | 751K | 2.4M | 6.3M | ||||
| 10–50B | Qwen 3.5 35B | 10.44 | 12.13 | 8.01 | 8.75 | ||
| 822K | 2.1M | 5.0M | 12.7M |
Open-Weight Language Models
Open-weight language models are language models whose trained weights are publicly available for local use, adaptation, and inspection.
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