Real-world image super-resolution is particularly challenging for diffusion models because real degradations are complex, heterogeneous, and rarely modeled explicitly. We propose a degradation-aware and structure-preserving diffusion framework for real-world SR. Specifically, we introduce Degradation-aware Token Injection, which encodes lightweight degradation statistics from low-resolution inputs and fuses them with semantic conditioning features, enabling explicit degradation-aware restoration. We further propose Spatially Asymmetric Noise Injection, which modulates diffusion noise with local edge strength to better preserve structural regions during training. Both modules are lightweight add-ons to the adopted diffusion SR framework, requiring only minor modifications to the conditioning pipeline. Experiments on DIV2K and RealSR show that our method delivers competitive no-reference perceptual quality and visually more realistic restoration results than recent baselines, while maintaining a favorable perception--distortion trade-off. Ablations confirm the effectiveness of each module and their complementary gains when combined. The code and model are publicly available at https://github.com/jiyang0315/DASP-SR.git.
Figures & tables
Figure 2: Overview of the proposed framework. The DTI module extracts a six-dimensional degradation descriptor from the LR input and injects it as an additional token into the image cross-attention branch of ControlNet and UNet. The SANI module spatially modulates training noise according to an edge-strength map, reducing perturbation in structure-rich regions.
Datasets
Methods
Metrics
PSNR ↑
SSIM ↑
LPIPS ↓
NIQE ↓
NRQM ↑
PI ↓
CLIP-IQA ↑
MUSIQ ↑
DIV2K
Real-ESRGAN [ 30 ]
26.65
0.758
0.18
3.591
6.296
3.722
0.565
64.661
SeeSR [ 35 ]
26.457
0.728
0.172
3.5
6.54
3.566
0.679
68.709
StableSR [ 29 ]
25.86
0.77
0.216
4.813
5.258
4.804
0.551
59.106
ResShift [ 39 ]
27.176
0.767
0.135
5.127
6.366
4.371
0.675
64.95
PASD [ 36 ]
26.536
0.725
0.185
3.381
6.385
3.566
0.602
66.623
Table 1: Quantitative comparison on DIV2K and RealSR ( ×4 SR). ↑ indicates higher is better and ↓ indicates lower is better. Best results are shown in bold .
Figure 3: Visual results of different methods on two typical real-world examples from the RealSR dataset.
Method
Params (M)
Δ Params
Time (s/img)
Δ Time (s)
Baseline
2249.91
–
16.58
–
+ DTI
2250.13
+0.01%
16.67
+0.10
+ SANI
2249.91
+0.00%
16.58
+0.00
+ DTI + SANI
2250.13
+0.01%
16.67
+0.10
Table 2: Overhead analysis of the proposed modules. SANI is only used during training and introduces no extra inference cost.
Datasets
DTI
SANI
PSNR ↑
SSIM ↑
LPIPS ↓
NIQE ↓
NRQM ↑
PI ↓
CLIP-IQA ↑
MUSIQ ↑
DIV2K
✗
✗
25.862
0.717
0.196
3.604
6.464
3.641
0.676
68.449
✓
✗
23.677
0.644
0.280
3.267
6.624
3.373
0.730
69.355
✗
✓
25.066
0.697
0.199
3.302
6.681
3.357
0.691
69.203
✓
✓
22.762
0.620
0.274
2.825
6.813
3.033
0.714
69.615
RealSR
✗
✗
25.017
0.726
0.242
4.278
6.449
3.992
0.684
68.236
✓
✗
23.530
0.671
0.299
4.336
6.430
3.990
0.681
67.498
Table 3: Ablation study on the proposed components across DIV2K and RealSR datasets. DTI: Degradation-aware Token Injection. SANI: Spatially Asymmetric Noise Injection. ↑ indicates higher is better and ↓ indicates lower is better.
Figure 4: Representative failure case of the proposed method.