Organizations: Hefei University of Technology · Hangzhou Dianzi University · Jinan University · South China Agricultural University · The University of Tokyo
Single-image super-resolution has progressed from deep convolutional baselines to stronger Transformer and state-space architectures, yet the corresponding performance gains typically come with higher training cost, longer engineering iteration, and heavier deployment burden. In many practical settings, multiple pretrained models with partially complementary behaviors are already available, and the binding constraint is no longer architectural capacity but how effectively their outputs can be combined without additional training. Rather than pursuing further architectural redesign, this paper proposes a training-free output-level ensemble framework. A dual-branch pipeline is constructed in which a Hybrid attention network with TLC inference provides stable main reconstruction, while a MambaIRv2 branch with geometric self-ensemble supplies strong compensation for high-frequency detail recovery. The two branches process the same low-resolution input independently and are fused in the image space via a lightweight weighted combination, without updating any model parameters or introducing an additional trainable module. As our solution to the NTIRE 2026 Image Super-Resolution (×4) Challenge, the proposed design consistently improves over the base branch and slightly exceeds the pure strong branch in PSNR at the best operating point under a unified DIV2K bicubic ×4 evaluation protocol. Ablation studies confirm that output-level compensation provides a low-overhead and practically accessible upgrade path for existing super-resolution systems.
Figures & tables
Figure 1: Overview of the training-free output-level ensemble. The HAT + TLC branch provides the main reconstruction, while the MambaIRv2 branch contributes stronger detail recovery through self-ensemble. The final result is obtained by weighted image-space compensation.
Figure 3: Qualitative comparison on representative DIV2K ×4 samples. From left to right: LR input, HAT + TLC, MambaIRv2, proposed output, and ground truth.
Method
PSNR
SSIM
HAT + TLC
29.1696
0.854802
MambaIRv2 + self-ensemble
30.3451
0.880466
Ours (0.11 / 0.89)
30.3527
0.880438
Table 1: Main results under the unified DIV2K bicubic ×4 setting.
Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China · University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China