cs.LGApr 15, 2026

Golden Handcuffs make safer AI agents

Authors: Aram Ebtekar, Michael K. Cohen

Organizations: University of California, Berkeley

Abstract

Reinforcement learners can attain high reward through novel unintended strategies. We study a Bayesian mitigation for general environments: we expand the agent's subjective reward range to include a large negative value −L-L, while the true environment's rewards lie in [0,1][0,1]. After observing consistently high rewards, the Bayesian policy becomes risk-averse to novel schemes that plausibly lead to −L-L. We design a simple override mechanism that yields control to a safe mentor whenever the predicted value drops below a fixed threshold. We prove two properties of the resulting agent: (i) Capability: using mentor-guided exploration with vanishing frequency, the agent attains sublinear regret against its best mentor. (ii) Safety: no decidable low-complexity predicate is triggered by the optimizing policy before it is triggered by a mentor.

Explore similar work

CardsList
  1. SafeExplorer: An Unbiased Mixed-Policy Gradient for Reinforcement Learning with Recovery Interventions

    Jul 9, 2026Elham Daneshmand, Majid Khadiv, Glen Berseth +1Robot SafetyProximal Policy Optimization

  2. Safe Learning Under Irreversible Dynamics via Asking for Help

    Feb 19, 2025Benjamin Plaut, Juan Liévano-Karim, Hanlin Zhu +1Regret Minimization in RLReinforcement Learning

  3. Conformal Policy Control

    Mar 2, 2026Drew Prinster, Clara Fannjiang, Ji Won Park +4Constrained RLRL Exploration