Mapping Recent Shifts in Digital Art via Conference Discourse: AI, XR, the Metaverse, and Blockchain/NFTs (2021-2025)
Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of five years (2021 - 2025) of conference discourse across six digital art conferences, aiming to trace thematic shifts associated with the rapid development of emerging technologies, namely artificial intelligence (AI), immersive technologies (including XR and the metaverse), and blockchain technologies and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). The results indicate a marked increase in AI-related contributions, while immersive technologies maintain a relatively stable share of the discourse, and blockchain- and NFT-based works remain marginal. Overall, whereas immersive technologies and blockchain-related topics exhibit relative stability, AI shows a significant rise after 2022, emerging as a dominant theme within digital art conference discourse.
Figures & tables
| Conference / Year | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | Total (per conference) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISEA | 0 | 167 | 21 | 160 | 180 | 528 |
| DCAC | 74 | 76 | 67 | 43 | 42 | 302 |
| EVA London | 43 | 41 | 39 | 65 | 51 | 239 |
| ArtsIT | 31 | 46 | 48 | 33 | 56 | 214 |
| xCoAx | 23 | 15 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 94 |
| NICOINT | 20 | 23 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 83 |
| Category ID | Category | Keywords / Tags | Contri-butions count |
|---|---|---|---|
| C1 | Artificial Intelligence (AI) | Artificial Intelligence; AI; Machine Learning (ML); Deep Learning; Computer Vision; Natural Language Processing (NLP); Language Models; Large Language Models (LLMs); GPT; ChatGPT; Agents; Generative AI; Generative Models; AIGC (AI-Generated Content); AI-Generated; AI-Generated Art; GAN; Generative Adversarial Networks; StyleGAN2; Diffusion Model(s); Latent Diffusion Model; Stable Diffusion; Text-to-Image Models; DALL·E; DALL·E 3; Midjourney; Prompt Engineering; Prompts; Reinforcement Learning; Unsupervised Learning; CNN; Convolutional Neural Networks; R-CNN; Swin Transformer; Sentiment Analysis; Support Vector Regression | 206 |
| C2 | Immersive Technologies and Applications (XR) | Extended Reality (XR); Immersive Technologies; Immersive; Immersion; Virtual Reality (VR); Augmented Reality (AR); Mixed Reality (MR); Virtual Environments; Virtual Spaces; Virtual Worlds; Virtuality; Metaverse; Immersive VR; Immersive XR; Immersive Spaces; Immersive Web; 360-degree Video; Projection Mapping; Holographic; Holographic Installation; Virtual Museums; Virtual Exhibitions; Virtual Reality Exhibition; Virtual/Augmented Reality; 3D Immersive | 187 |
| C1 C2 | AI & XR | LLM VR; Machine Learning VR; Generative AI Augmented Reality; AI Projection Mapping; Artificial Intelligence Virtual Reality; Deep Learning Augmented Reality; Artificial Intelligence Augmented Reality; GAN VR | 12 |
| C3 | Blockchain / NFTs | Blockchain; NFT; NFTs | 5 |
| C4 | Other | Art; Digital; Media; Design; Interactive; Human; Data; Game; Technology; Music; Artistic; Visual; Research; Space; Cultural; Practice; Sound; Performance; Learning; Social; Creative; Arts; Heritage; Designing; Body | 1072 |
| ID - Ref. | Title | Techniques / tools | Topic | Venue | Year |
| AI.1 - [ 17 ] | AI CIRCE / ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND PAINTING | Deep Learning, GAN | Painting, sentiment analysis, image-to-text | DCAC | 2021 |
| AI.2 - [ 18 ] | Female Spectatorship and Artificial Intelligence: The Reversed Gaze in Maria Schrader’s 2021 Film I’m your Man | Not defined | Film studies | DCAC | 2022 |
| AI.3 - [ 19 ] | Engaging Museum Visitors with AI-Generated Narration and Gameplay | NLP, LLMs (GPT-3), Artificial Neural Network (for translation), R-CNN, Object Detector Model (YOLOv5 - CNN [ 20 ] ) | Museums & museum experience | ArtsIT | 2022 |
| AI.4 - [ 21 ] | Storytelling and VR: Inducingemotions through AI characters | Behavior Trees, Utility AI (games) | Video Game development | EVA London | 2022 |
| AI.5 - [ 23 ] | AI Art as Hyperobject-Like Portal to Global Warming | Not explicitly defined | Ecological awareness / global warming | xCoAx | 2022 |
| AI.6 - [ 24 ] | Lures of Engagement: An Outlook on Tactical AI Art | Machine Learning, Deep Learning, NLP, GAN , CNN | AI Art, Chatbots, Computer Vision, text-to-image, image-to-text, | xCoAx | 2022 |