Organizations: Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics, no.6 Piața Romană, Bucharest, 010374, Romania
The purpose of our paper is to develop a unified multi-agent architecture that automates end-to-end machine learning (ML) pipeline generation from datasets and natural-language (NL) goals, improving efficiency, robustness and explainability. A five-agent system is proposed to handle profiling, intent parsing, microservice recommendation, Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) construction and execution. It integrates code-grounded Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) for microservice understanding, an explainable hybrid recommender combining multiple criteria, a self-healing mechanism using Large Language Model (LLM)-based error interpretation and adaptive learning from execution history. The approach is evaluated on 150 ML tasks across diverse scenarios. The system achieves an 84.7% end-to-end pipeline success rate, outperforming baseline methods. It demonstrates improved robustness through self-healing and reduces workflow development time compared to manual construction. The study introduces a novel integration of code-grounded RAG, explainable recommendation, self-healing execution and adaptive learning within a single architecture, showing that tightly coupled intelligent components can outperform isolated solutions.
Clinical machine learning (ML) has the potential to support high-stakes medical decision-making, but reliable deployment is often constrained by scarce, heterogeneous, and temporal complexity. Developing effective ML pipelines for such data remains time-consuming and error-prone, while existing automated machine learning (AutoML) systems only partially address this challenge because they largely rely on brute-force search over predefined spaces and lack explicit reasoning and memory. We therefore reformulate AutoML for small clinical data from exhaustive search to reasoning-driven refinement. We propose DoctorAgents, an agentic AI framework that autonomously constructs and optimizes end-to-end ML pipelines through specialized large language model (LLM) agents for generation, validation, and refinement. DoctorAgents backpropagates natural-language feedback through textual gradient descent to perform targeted updates without exhaustive search. Experiments across diverse clinical tasks show that DoctorAgents consistently outperforms established AutoML baselines while producing more interpretable task-specific representations.
Ruilin Wang, Bo-Hong Wang, Elizabeth Kourbatski +6
Automated machine learning (AutoML) is reshaping data-driven science and industrial practice, and as large language models are introduced into AutoML, pipeline reliability becomes as important as automation efficiency. However, existing AutoML still struggles to realize instant feedback and adaptive optimization during execution, so once a run drifts into a suboptimal or failed state, it lacks a process-level correction mechanism. The fundamental pathology lies in its one-way pipeline: intermediate failures are typically terminated or bypassed, while fixed paradigms often strengthen model generation but leave ensemble decisions static, weakening both execution reliability and the controlled use of structural diversity. This indicates that LLM-driven AutoML needs a closed-loop ability for trial-correction-improvement together with evidence-based use of model diversity. To this end, we propose SAGE-Loop, a reliable closed-loop, self-adaptive, LLM-driven AutoML framework that performs multi-round generation and validation for trial-and-repair, and adaptively selects ensemble strategies in both supervised and unsupervised tasks, thereby unifying how to generate with how to use models. Across 20 public datasets, SAGE-Loop consistently improves performance and stability on classification, regression, and clustering tasks. Additional results further show its ability to recover from execution failures and maintain robust pipeline behavior.
Automatic multi-agent systems aim to instantiate agent workflows without relying on manually designed or fixed orchestration. However, existing automatic MAS approaches remain only partially adaptive: they either perform training-free test-time search or optimize the meta-level designer while keeping downstream execution agents frozen, which creating a frozen-executor ceiling and leaving the end-to-end training of self-designing and self-executing agentic models unexplored. To address this, we introduce MetaAgent-X, an end-to-end reinforcement learning framework that jointly optimizes automatic MAS design and execution. MetaAgent-X enables script-based MAS generation, execution rollout collection, and credit assignment for both designer and executor trajectories. To support stable and scalable optimization, we propose Executor Designer Hierarchical Rollout and Stagewise Co-evolution to improve training stability and expose the dynamics of designer-executor co-evolution. MetaAgent-X consistently outperforms existing automatic MAS baselines, achieving up to 21.7% gains. Comprehensive ablations show that both designer and executor improve throughout training, and that effective automatic MAS learning follows a stagewise co-evolution process. These results establish end-to-end trainable automatic MAS as a practical paradigm for building self-designing and self-executing agentic models.