Long-horizon personalization requires dialogue assistants to retrieve user-specific facts from extended interaction histories. In practice, many relevant facts often have low semanticsimilarity to the query under dense retrieval. Standard Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and GraphRAG systems are still largely retrospective: they rely on embedding similarity to the query or on fixed graph traversals, so they often miss facts that matter for the user's needs but lie far from the query in embedding space. Inspired by prospection, the human ability to use imagined futures as cues for recall, we introduce Prospection-Guided Retrieval (PGR), which decouples retrieval from how memories are stored. Given a user query, PGR first expands the goal into a short Tree-of-Thought (ToT) or linear chain of plausible next steps, and uses these steps as retrieval probes rather than relying on the original query alone. The facts retrieved by these probes are then used to personalize the next round of prospection, enabling PGR to uncover additional memories that become relevant only after the simulation is grounded in the user's history. We also introduce MemoryQuest, a challenging multi-session benchmark in which each query is annotated with 3--5 dated reference facts subject to a low query-reference similarity constraint. Across 1,625 queries spanning 185 user profiles from 3 publicly available datasets, PGR-TOT substantially improves retrieval, including nearly 3x recall on MemoryQuest over the strongest baseline. In pairwise LLM-as-judge comparisons against baselines, PGR-generated responses are preferred on 89--98% of queries, with blinded human annotations on held-out subsets showing the same trend. Overall, the results demonstrate that explicit prospection yields large gains in long-horizon retrieval and response quality relative to similarity-only baselines.
Long-term conversational agents are expected to remember past interactions, but memory is useful only when the right evidence is recalled for the right user. Existing memory-augmented LLM agents have made progress in building compact memory banks, yet retrieval is still often driven by query-centered similarity or fixed ranking rules, leaving user-conditioned relevance underexplored. To address this gap, we propose Profile-guided Personalized Retrieval Optimization (PPRO), a retrieval-centric framework that makes memory retrieval both user-aware and optimizable. PPRO builds episodic and semantic memory banks from dialogue histories and derives a user profile from accumulated memories. The profile serves as an explicit personalized prior in memory ranking, allowing retrieval to account for stable user attributes, preferences, and relationships. PPRO further trains a query rewriter with Group Relative Policy Optimization, using both evidence retrieval quality and downstream answer quality as feedback while keeping the memory banks and answer model fixed. Experiments on LoCoMo and LongMemEval-S show consistent gains over training-free memory systems and training-based baselines. Ablation studies further show that both profile-guided ranking and retrieval-oriented rewriting contribute substantially to performance, highlighting retrieval optimization as a key factor in personalized long-term memory use.
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as personalized assistants that interact with users over extended periods of time. As conversations grow longer, relying on full interaction histories becomes increasingly inefficient and unreliable: long contexts introduce substantial computational overhead, making it difficult for models to consistently identify and utilize the most relevant information for the current request. These challenges have motivated memory systems that structure and retrieve user-specific information. In realistic interactions, users often seek practical guidance such as recommendations, planning, and decision support. Unlike factual recall tasks, personalized guidance requires models to integrate information across multiple past conversations and reason about changing user preferences and experiences. However, existing conversational memory evaluations mainly focus on retrieval and factual recall. To study this challenge, we introduce PRAGMA, a benchmark for evaluating personalized guidance in long-term conversations. PRGAMA contains curated longitudinal conversation histories, evidence annotations, and guidance scenarios grounded in evolving user contexts and incorrect user assumptions. Experiments across retrieval systems, memory systems, and long-context models reveal that current systems struggle both to recover the appropriate conversational evidence and to effectively use it for personalized guidance. Our results highlight the need for memory architectures that support robust conversational retrieval and memory-grounded reasoning beyond evidence recall.
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to answer questions by accessing external knowledge and has been widely adopted for long-term conversational memory question answering. However, existing methods suffer from two key challenges: (1) fragmented evidence scattered across temporally distant sessions, and (2) noisy content within retrieved sessions that triggers the lost-in-the-middle effect. To address these challenges, we propose MemLoc, a unified Retrieve-Localize-Generate framework for long-term conversational memory QA. For retrieval, MemLoc decomposes each session into multi-granularity memory units and performs query routing via an inner-memory graph with entropy-based granularity selection. It further models cross-session semantic and temporal dependencies through a cross-memory graph, enabling coarse-to-fine retrieval of top-K relevant memory candidates. For localization, we introduce a reasoning-based evidence locator trained with Self-reflective Hint Policy Optimization (SHPO), which performs progressive refinement by extracting query-relevant fragments within memory units to suppress noise and reranking across candidates to remove redundancy, producing a compact evidence set with lightweight location IDs. For generation, these IDs act as precise grounding signals that guide the LLM to the correct memory positions, mitigating the lost-in-the-middle effect while preserving original contextual integrity. Extensive experiments on four benchmarks demonstrate that MemLoc achieves state-of-the-art retrieval accuracy and response quality while maintaining efficiency. Our code is available at: https://github.com/Nikol-coder/MemLoc.