cs.CLMay 29, 2026

Your Teacher Can't Help You Here: Combating Supervision Fidelity Decay in On-Policy Distillation

Authors: Yanjiang LiuJie LouXinyan GuanYuqiu JiHongyu LinBen HeXianpei HanLe Sun+2 more

Organizations: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · 2Chinese Information Processing Laboratory Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · 3Xiaohongshu

Abstract

On-policy distillation transfers reasoning capabilities by training a student model on its own generated trajectories using token-level feedback from a teacher. However, we identify a critical bottleneck, \textbf{Supervision Fidelity Decay (SFD)}: as student-generated prefixes lengthen, the teacher's next-token distribution becomes less confident and less discriminative. Consequently, the teacher-dependent corrective signal in reverse-KL distillation weakens, causing student drift to compound across long reasoning chains. To mitigate SFD, we introduce \textbf{Lookahead Group Reward (\ours{})}. Building on the insight that next-step teacher confidence reflects the discriminative strength of future reverse-KL supervision, \ours{} evaluates the student's top-K candidate tokens by the teacher confidence they induce at the subsequent step and assigns a group-normalized reward. To maintain computational efficiency, we further design an entropy-triggered tree-attention mechanism. Across six math and code benchmarks, \ours{} improves mean@8 by \textbf{2.57} points over OPD for a 7B student, with gains increasing in longer-generation and reaching +\textbf{4.92} points on AIME-26 at 39k tokens.

Explore similar work

CardsList
  1. Reward-Gated On-Policy Distillation

    Jul 4, 2026Mohammad Sadegh Akhondzadeh, Vijay Lingam, Atula Tejaswi +3On-Policy DistillationRp-Opsd