With the rapid advancement of large multimodal models (LMMs), inference-time overhead has become a key bottleneck for real-world deployment. Existing methods typically prune visual tokens at prefill, assuming the required visual evidence remains static during reasoning. However, we empirically show that visual evidence is strongly step-dependent: only a sparse subset of visual tokens is critical at each decoding step, and the critical set evolves across reasoning. Furthermore, we identify a coupled bottleneck where redundant visual context can steer the model toward query-irrelevant regions, lengthening the reasoning trace. Guided by these insights, we propose VisionPulse, a step-wise visual token pruning framework during reasoning. VisionPulse computes a lightweight visual attention mass to estimate the step-wise retention budget by exploiting its strong positive correlation with LMMs' effective visual token usage and retain only the most critical tokens under this budget. By enforcing visual sparsity during reasoning, VisionPulse filters redundant visual context while preserving relevant visual evidence, shortening reasoning traces naturally. Extensive experiments show that VisionPulse only retains 5% of visual tokens per step with reasoning traces shortened by 11.2%, while keeping accuracy almost unchanged.
Continuous latent-space reasoning offers a compact alternative to textual chain-of-thought for multimodal models, enabling high-dimensional visual evidence to be integrated without explicit reasoning tokens. However, we identify a previously overlooked optimization pathology in existing latent visual reasoning methods: although visual latents become semantically enriched during training, their contribution to final answer prediction is systematically suppressed. Within the shared parameter space, the autoregressive objective favors shortcut reliance on direct visual input, driving latent tokens toward transition-like states rather than informative reasoning content. We term this phenomenon Silenced Visual Latents. To address it, we disentangle the two conflicting objectives by directly optimizing the latent reasoning at inference time, keeping backbone parameters frozen. In Stage I, visual latents are warmed up via query-guided contrastive latent--visual alignment, improving semantic quality while preventing latent collapse. In Stage II, the latent reasoning is further optimized via a confidence-progression reward, which incentivizes predicted token distributions along the latent span to become progressively more concentrated, routing predictions through the latent reasoning rather than bypassing it. Experiments across eight benchmarks and four model backbones show that inference-time latent optimization, without any parameter updates, effectively unleashes the suppressed reasoning capacity of visual latents.
Vision-language models (VLMs) combining reinforcement learning (RL) ignite remarkable progress in multimodal reasoning, yet still struggle with medical images, which typically exhibit extremely sparse visual evidence to inform clinical decision-making. We recognize that pruning visual tokens outside the grounding region greatly enhances medical reasoning. However, a united RL framework for active visual token pruning (VTP) and medical multimodal reasoning remains unestablished. Here, we propose a dual-stream RL framework, ViToS, to fulfill token pruning and question answering. ViToS trains one policy model with two task branches, where one focuses on grounding while the other conducts token-sparse reasoning after VTP. Furthermore, we solve the coupled policy learning problem by introducing the cross-feedback sequential optimization, avoiding gradient conflict and facilitating convergence of the shared policy model. Evaluated on seven medical benchmarks, our method reduces visual tokens to 77% of the original sequence length while achieving a 108.27% relative performance on Lingshu-7B and 104.16% relative performance on HuatuoGPT-Vision-7B. Overall, ViToS delivers superior performance and inference speedup, establishing an efficient paradigm for medical multimodal reasoning.
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) face a significant inference bottleneck due to the quadratic computational cost of self-attention over long visual token sequences. However, we identify a critical inefficiency in current architectures: Visual Attention Saturation. Our analysis reveals that visual tokens rapidly establish their spatial structure and intra-modal relationships in early layers, rendering visual-to-visual self-attention in deeper layers computationally redundant. Conversely, Feed-Forward Networks (FFNs) in these layers remain essential for projecting visual features into the evolving textual semantic space. Leveraging this insight, we present Visual-Skip (V-Skip), a training-free inference paradigm that decouples spatial interaction from semantic evolution. Rather than discarding tokens, V-Skip imposes block-wise structured sparsity by selectively bypassing saturated visual self-attention modules. Furthermore, recognizing that varying downstream tasks demand distinct reasoning depths, V-Skip employs a lightweight, few-shot calibration to dynamically route the task-optimal sparsity path. Extensive experiments demonstrate that V-Skip effectively bypasses redundant vision attention to achieve block-wise sparsity, maintaining a 94.16% to 100.31% performance retention across diverse MLLMs. Ultimately, we prove that to reason more effectively, models do not need to discard what they see -- they simply need to "look less" at the right depth.