Inference-Time

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17 papers in the last four weeks, down 6% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

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  1. Error-Corrected Inference-Time Scaling for Imperfect Diffusion Models

    Oct 1, 2026Zuokai Wen, Louis Grenioux, Weinan E +1Diffusion SamplingMonte Carlo

    School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron Institute · School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University

  2. Before It Fades: Reinforcing Temporal Representations at Inference Time in VideoLLMs

    Oct 1, 2026Youngwoo Shin, Yusung Ro, Minseo Kim +1Inference-TimeLayer-Wise

    Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)

  3. Beyond Memory: Harnessing Long-Horizon Agents with Explicit Belief States

    Oct 1, 2026Yu Luo, Jiamin Jiang, Yimin Zuo +9Long-Horizon AgentsLong-Horizon Task Planning

    Nankai University · Alibaba Group · Tsinghua University

  4. Demographic Pluralism: Inference-Time Modeling of Pluralistic Human Preference Distributions

    Sep 29, 2026Meng-Chen Wu, Qipin Chen, Ansh Jain +3Internal PluralismDemographics

    Amazon Science

  5. Hermes: Learning Contextual Reasoning Unlocks Test-Time Scaling

    Sep 29, 2026Xinyu Li, Mononito Goswami, Hao Liu +5Test-Time ScalingInference-Time

    Carnegie Mellon University · AWS AI Labs · Washington University in St. Louis +1

  6. HARISSA: Inference-Time Self-Checks for Efficient and Safe Local Language Model Deployment

    Sep 29, 2026Kenan Alkiek, Moontae Lee, David Jurgens +1Inference-TimePrefill

    School of Information University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA · SNU-LG AI Research Center Seoul, South Korea

  7. Beam Search as Test-Time Self-Distillation via Counterfactual Contexts

    Sep 29, 2026Su Ee Tan, Xiaotong Ji, Rasul Tutunov +2Self-Distillation FrameworkInference-Time

    Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab · UCL Centre for AI

  8. Fair Fact-Checking: Closing the Cross-Lingual Gap in LLM Factual Judgement with RoSh

    Sep 28, 2026Muhammad Ahmad, Fatemeh Seyedin, Adrian Weller +2Cross-Lingual ConsistencyMisinformation

    Department of Computer Science, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan · BRAINS, Brandenburg Research Center for Applied Intelligent Systems, Potsdam, Germany · Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy, Bochum, Germany +3

  9. GradLev: Token-Parallel Test-Time Training Via Costate Prediction

    Sep 28, 2026Bo Liu, Qiang LiuTest-Time TrainingInference-Time

    The University of Texas at Austin

  10. Steer2Grasp: Inference-Time Embodiment-Aware Steering for Diverse Physically Feasible Grasp Diffusion

    Sep 27, 2026Vignesh Vembar, Ayush Kaura, A Padmaprabhan +5Robotic GraspingInference-Time Steering

    Robotics Research Center, IIIT Hyderabad · Johns Hopkins University

  11. Scaling of Capability and Efficiency at Inference Time in Large Reasoning Models

    Sep 22, 2026Moritz Laber, Zohair Shafi, Germans Savcisens +6Large Reasoning ModelsModel Size

    Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA · Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria · Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA

  12. LLM Inference in a Flash!

    Sep 14, 2026Sebastian Zhao, Minseo Kim, Coleman Hooper +5LLM Inference OptimizationInference-Time

    UC Berkeley · ICSI · LBNL

  13. Can LLMs in Draft-Verify-Revise Pipelines Resolve Deictic Ambiguity?

    Sep 14, 2026Obinna I. EkekezieLarge Language Model WorkflowsAmbiguity

    Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America. · Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.

  14. Beyond Training: A Feasibility Taxonomy for Inference-Time AI Governance

    Sep 9, 2026Samar AnsariArtificial Intelligence GovernanceGovernance

    School of Computing and Engineering Sciences University of Chester Chester, CH1 4BJ, United Kingdom

  15. Proxy Policy Steering

    Sep 8, 2026Chuanruo Ning, Tianrui Wang, Wei-Chiu Ma +1Robot PoliciesRobot Systems

    Cornell University

  16. It's All in the Way You Say It: The Role of Information Representation in LLM-Based Glycemic-Event Prediction

    Sep 8, 2026Andrea Apicella, Pasquale Arpaia, Matteo Orefice +2Continuous Glucose MonitoringLarge Language Model Forecasting

    Department of Information Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Applied Mathematics (DIEM), University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy · Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

  17. When Quantization Breaks Memory: Recurrent-State Write-Back in Low-Precision Temporal Inference

    Sep 7, 2026Ismail Erbas, Xavier Intes, Vikas PandeyRecurrent StateBackward Passes

    Department of Biomedical Engineering Center for Modeling, Simulation, and Imaging in Medicine Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY 12180

  18. Iris: Climbing to the Search Frontier

    Sep 3, 2026Ziyuan Liu, Hengqi Liu, Zichuan Wang +8Search AgentsMulti-Hop Reasoning

    AllSpark Team

  19. Stabilizing Camera-Controlled Novel View Synthesis at Inference Time

    Sep 3, 2026Prajwal Singh, Arjun Badola, Seema Kumari +2Video Diffusion ModelsCamera Control

    CVIG Lab and ISLab, D3 Center · Osaka University

  20. Diffusion as a Training Curriculum for Timestep-Free Iterative Reasoning

    Sep 1, 2026Mariia Drozdova, Aidan Sirbu, Pietro Miotti +4Functional Code SolversDenoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model

    1Google, Paradigms of Intelligence Team · School of Computer Science, McGill University · 4Mila - Quebec AI Institute +3

  21. TimeSteer: Inference-Time Speech Scheduling in Joint Audio-Visual Diffusion Models

    Sep 1, 2026Chao Zhou, Yiling Chen, Qi Chu +3Audio-Video GenerationDiffusion Models

  22. A Survey on Self-Improving Test-Time Intelligence: Feedback-Driven Adapting, Learning, and Scaling at Inference

    Sep 1, 2026Shuaicheng Niu, Guohao Chen, Yaofo Chen +14Test-Time AdaptationTest-Time Training

    South China University of Technology · Nanyang Technological University · Tulane University +3

  23. Escaping Reasoning Basin Collapse with History-Biased Search

    Sep 1, 2026Lu ChengInference-TimeReasoning Paths

    Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Chicago Chicago, IL 60607

  24. Trust Your Guide Only When Certain: Uncertainty-Aware Sparse Alignment at Inference Time

    Sep 1, 2026Zeen Zhu, Zhuo Li, Weiyang Guo +4Distributional AlignmentInference-Time Defense

    Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China · Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, China.

  25. When LLM Meets Tree Search: A Systematic View of Inference as Search in Large Language Models

    Aug 31, 2026Jiaqi Wei, Xiang Zhang, Yuejin Yang +10Tree SearchLLM Reasoning Strategies

    1Zhejiang University · 2Shanghai AI Laboratory · 4Fudan University +3

  26. Ouroboros: Self-Referential Backdoor Attacks on Speech Enhancement via Clean Audio Triggers

    Aug 31, 2026Yunjie Zhou, Yuheng Huang, Diqun YanSpeech EnhancementInference-Time

    Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, China · College of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, China

  27. AtlasNav: Mitigating Evidence Blindness with Persistent Corpus Navigation

    Aug 25, 2026Hongyu Guo, Zhiyu Zheng, Minghao Hu +5AtlasText Corpora

  28. Inference-Time Orthogonal Seeding Enables Geometry-Aligned 3D Organ Segmentation for Slice-Propagation Methods

    Aug 12, 2026Md Rakibul Haque, Tushar Kataria, Shireen Y. Elhabian3D Medical Image SegmentationVoxel

    Kahlert School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA · Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA

  29. AI4AI at Test-Time: Strong-to-Weak Capability Transfer via Harnesses

    Aug 12, 2026Cheng Qian, Wenting Zhao, Liangwei Yang +6Inference-TimeReasoning Benchmark

    Salesforce AI Research · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

  30. Measure, Don't Optimize: Forecasting Recovery in LLM Unlearning

    Aug 11, 2026Zirui Song, Huaxing Liu, Xiang Wang +8Large Language Model UnlearningUnlearning Method

    Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI) · AMAP, Alibaba Group · Peking University

  31. When Self-Consistency Backfires: Majority Vote Hurts the Majority of Hard Science Problems for Small LLMs

    Aug 11, 2026Utkarsh BahugunaSelf-ConsistencyMajority Voting

    Scaler School of Technology

  32. ThinkRetrieve: Retrieval-Augmented Reasoning Traces for Test-Time Scaling

    Aug 11, 2026Vaibhav Singh, Soumya Suvra Ghosal, Sarvesh Gharat +3Test-Time ScalingLarge Reasoning Models

    IIT Bombay · University of Maryland, College Park · Adobe Research

  33. verdi: retrieval is not transfer for continual world model optimization

    Aug 10, 2026Junyu Wu, Shiqin Nie, Youyi Kou +9World ModelsCross-Task Knowledge Transfer

    * Equal contribution · ‡ Project leader, † Corresponding author · † Corresponding author

  34. CIDER: A Dataset of Contextual Disclosure Boundaries for Privacy Preference Alignment

    Aug 10, 2026Bingcan Guo, Eryue Xu, Jijie Zhou +2PrivacyDisclosures

    University of Washington · UIUC · Northeastern University

  35. ChronoState: Hidden Elapsed-Time Conditioning for Temporal-State Action Selection in Frozen-Backbone Language Models

    Aug 10, 2026Sam Siavoshian, Omar Ramadan, Amir K. Saeed +3ChronosFrozen Language Model

    Independent Researcher, California, USA · Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA

  36. Keep It Simple: Multi-Key Episodic Memory Retrieval for Ultra-Long Video Understanding

    Aug 7, 2026Yeeun Choi, Youngbeom Yoo, Joon-Young Lee +2Video UnderstandingEpisodic Memory

    Yonsei University · Adobe Research

  37. DAEP: Difficulty-Aware Evidence Planning for Medical Video Corpus Temporal Answer Grounding

    Aug 7, 2026Tianjian He, Yujie Liu, Zhiping Huang +1Video Temporal GroundingTemporal Grounding

    TikTok, ByteDance, China · Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China · Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China

  38. Test-Time Scaling in Reasoning LLMs: Inference Regimes, Evaluation, and Reproducibility

    Aug 4, 2026Mohsen Hariri, Weicong Chen, Nahal Shahini +11Test-Time ScalingInference-Time

    Case Western Reserve University

  39. Global Optimization and Inference-Time Region Grafting for Agentic Workflows

    Aug 3, 2026Donghyeok Koh, Gyuwan Kim, Jinyeong Bak +4Agentic WorkflowsAgentic Inference

    1HBNU · 2UCSB · 3SKKU +1

  40. Secrets Everywhere: Auditing Memorization in Mobility Prediction Models

    Aug 3, 2026Anne Josiane Kouam, Hristo Boyadzhiev, Konrad RieckMobilityPrivacy

    Inria & TU Berlin Palaiseau, France · BIFOLD & TU Berlin Berlin, Germany

  41. Where Reasoning Diverges: Localized Multi-Agent Debate for Multi-Hop Question Answering

    Aug 2, 2026Weijun Gao, Xiang Ding, Haoyang Liu +1Multi-Agent DebateDebate

    1The Chinese University of Hong Kong · 2Nagoya University · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign +1

  42. ACE-GraphRAG: Agentic Context Engineering for Hierarchical GraphRAG

    Aug 2, 2026Yongfeng Huang, Yuren Lai, Ruiying Chen +3Graph-Based Retrieval Augmented GenerationGraph-Llm Integrations

    CSE, The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Wuhan University of Technology · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology +1

  43. MedSAM2-Anatomy: Training-Free Inference-Time Optimization for Musculoskeletal Segmentation

    Jul 31, 2026John Garcia Henao, Nicholas Bünger, Benedikt Herzog +11Anatomical PriorsInference-Time

    Digital Medicine Unit Team, Balgrist University Hospital, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland · Research Centre for Computational Health, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland · Hip and Pelvis Surgery Team, Balgrist University Hospital, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland +1

  44. Rethinking Inference-Time Scaling in Local Computer-Use Agents: Failure Modes and Compute Tradeoffs

    Jul 30, 2026Woongkyu Lee, Jungwook ChoiInference-TimeComputer-Use Agents

    Hanyang University

  45. Bridging Inference-Time Scaling and Episodic Memory with Action-Centric Graphs

    Jul 29, 2026Xu Zheng, Chaohao Lin, Zhuomin Chen +4Graph-Structured MemoriesEpisodic Memory

    Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA · Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA · NEC Laboratories America, Princeton, NJ, USA +1

  46. Steering Instruction Hierarchies at Inference Time

    Jul 28, 2026Siqi Zeng, Sewoong Lee, Han Zhao +1Instruction-Tuned ModelsSteering

    Siebel School of Computing and Data Science University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA

  47. Distilling Temporal Search and Reasoning: Evolving LLMs for Future Prediction via Harness-Assisted Efficient Data Synthesis

    Jul 28, 2026Wanxu Cai, Zhengyu Chen, Huaisheng Zhu +3Inference-TimeReasoning Skills

    1The Chinese University of Hong Kong · 2Meituan LongCat Team

  48. Inference-Time Consensus for Mitigating Hidden Behaviors from LLM Fine-Tuning

    Jul 25, 2026Adhyyan Narang, Artin Tajdini, Claire Zhang +1Large Language Model Fine-TuningLarge Language Models Fail

    University of Washington

  49. A Multi-level Information Integration Framework for Physically Verifiable Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery

    Jul 24, 2026Yuntong Chen, Jianyu Liu, Yingqi Li +5Fault DiagnosisReport

    School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, China · Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore · School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China

  50. Optimizing Transformer Neural Network for Real-Time Outlier Detection on FPGAs

    Jul 24, 2026Ilia Sobakinskikh, Paul Alexander BilokonTime-Series Anomaly DetectionTime Series

  51. Inference-Time Scaling of Diffusion Models via Progressive Seed Pruning

    Jul 23, 2026Rogerio Guimaraes, Pietro PeronaDiffusion ModelsInference-Time

    California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA

  52. OpenForgeRL: Train Harness-native Agents in Any Environment

    Jul 23, 2026Xiao Yu, Baolin Peng, Ruize Xu +7Agent HarnessInference-Time

    Columbia University · Microsoft Research · Dartmouth College

  53. Test-Time Scaling via Error Localization

    Jul 23, 2026Rajiv Shailesh Chitale, Rahul Madhavan, Taneesh Gupta +2Test-Time ScalingInference-Time

    Google DeepMind

  54. Best-of-Evidence: Best-of-N Selection under Partial Verification

    Jul 23, 2026Cenwei Zhang, Teng Fang, Yuxia Wang +3Best-Of-NVisual Evidence

    IQuest Research · INSAIT · Technical University of Denmark

  55. CUSUM-Shaped Inference-Time Monitoring and Targeted Re-Decoding for Quantized Small Language Model Reasoning

    Jul 22, 2026El Hassane Ettifouri, Ayoub Belfatmi, Mahaman Sanoussi Yahaya Alassan +1Inference-TimeDecoding

    Novelis Research, Paris, France

  56. Inference-Time Steering for Cross-Lingual Factual Consistency in LLMs

    Jul 21, 2026Alexander ManevCross-Lingual ConsistencyLarge Language Model Alignment

    Technical University of Munich

  57. On the Diverse Dynamical Behaviors Arising in Deep Linear Transformers

    Jul 20, 2026Sixu Li, Thomas Jacob Maranzatto, Jan Peszek +5Transformer ArchitecturesLinear Attention

    University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Statistics · University of Maryland, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering · University of Warsaw, Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics +2

  58. DiFA: Inference-Time Forward-Process Alignment for Diffusion Models

    Jul 20, 2026Shigui Li, Delu ZengDiffusion AlignmentDiffusion Models

    School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China · School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China

  59. Residual-Guided Multi-Resolution Refinement of Foundation Models: A Case Study in Drought Forecasting

    Jul 20, 2026Wentao Gao, Jiuyong Li, Lin Liu +4Time Series Foundation ModelsFoundation Model

    Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia · CSIRO Technology, Canberra, Australia · CSIRO Environment, Canberra, Australia

  60. Chronofy: A Temporal-Logical Decay Architecture for Information Validity in Time-Aware Retrieval-Augmented Generation

    Jul 17, 2026Muntaser Syed, Marius Silaghi, Sheikh Abujar +1ChronosInference-Time

    Florida Institute of Technology · University of Alabama at Birmingham · Daffodil International University