GuardNet: Ensemble Strategies of Shallow Neural Networks for Robust Prompt Injection and Jailbreak Detection
Authors: Paulo Ricardo Ferreira Neves, Edson Rodrigues da Cruz Filho, Paulo Henrique Eleuterio Falsetti, João Vitor Pavan, Ian Degaspari, Henrique Vieira Laturrague, Patrick Vieira Laturrague, Guilherme Nielsen Dias, +2 more
Organizations: Quickium Technology Ltd. – Piracicaba, São Paulo · Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (IFSP) – Piracicaba Campus – São Paulo · Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) – Sorocaba Campus – São Paulo
Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, but they remain vulnerable to Prompt Injection (PI) and Jailbreak (JB) attacks. In addition, benchmark evaluations may be affected by contamination and partial information leakage, compromising performance estimates. This work presents GuardNet, a guardrail system based on an ensemble of shallow neural networks (BiLSTMs) with approximately 47 million parameters. We investigate the hypothesis that robustness in adversarial scenarios depends more on the diversity of example coverage and threshold calibration than on model scale. The results indicate that GuardNet achieves competitive performance compared with lightweight detectors and high efficiency at low latency, although larger LLMs such as Mistral-7B and Llama-3.1-8B still achieve superior performance in terms of F1 score and AUROC on the blind JBB-Behaviors benchmark. Nevertheless, GuardNet achieves an AUROC of 0.747 on the blind dataset (n = 200) and an F1 score of 0.92 on a proprietary benchmark (n = 50), under threshold calibration and evaluation with declared partial information leakage. The system operates with an average latency of approximately 50 ms on CPU, making it suitable for deployment in production environments with cost and infrastructure constraints.