The state-of-the-art generative models, such as CycleGAN, Pix2Pix, and diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance in the face generation task. However, they fail to effectively capture cross-modality semantic information in craniofacial reconstruction when translating from the skull (x-ray) to the face (optical) domain, due to a mismatch in the alignment of structural identity across modalities. To address this issue, we propose Cranio-Diff, a diffusion-based framework for cross-domain cranio-facial reconstruction from 2D X-ray skull images. The proposed approach integrates skull-conditioned structural guidance through ControlNet with biometric text conditioning to generate a face which is more semantically and structurally aligned with the given skull. The proposed Cranio-diff method is evaluated on skull-face dataset obtained from X-ray scans of 120 subjects in lateral and frontal views. To enable controlled evaluation, each face image is synthesised across three age groups (25, 45, 65) and three BMI variations of -10%, baseline and +10%, yielding 4320 paired samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only X-ray-face dataset with this magnitude. Extensive experiments showed that the proposed method outperforms recent existing approaches in both generated image quality and retrieval task. Finally, to evaluate the performance of our proposed method, we have evaluated the quality of the generated image using FID, IS, SSIM, LPIPS, PSNR and ArcFace score. Additionally, retrieval performance is evaluated using recall@k, mAP@k and MRR@k. Obtained experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can be used as an alternate tool in providing aid in forensic investigations.
We propose OMGTex, an end-to-end diffusion-based framework for reconstructing high-quality and editable facial UV textures from multi-style facial images. Existing texture reconstruction methods face two major limitations: (1) Fragility due to reliance on 3D geometry priors, which are difficult to estimate accurately, especially under facial occlusions or in stylized domains; and (2) A lack of semantic disentanglement, inhibiting region-specific texture editing and style transfer. Our work addresses both challenges simultaneously. Our core innovation is a geometry-free pipeline that directly maps a 2D face image to its corresponding editable UV texture. We introduce two key techniques: First, to address the challenge of UV misalignment common in diffusion generation, we introduce a gradient-guided refinement strategy at inference time, which explicitly corrects structural consistency. Second, we leverage the inherent semantic distribution capability of diffusion models and design a novel training paradigm to enhance this tendency, enabling semantic-aware editing of facial texture. Furthermore, to address the data scarcity in multi-style texture reconstruction, we construct CANVAS, the first comprehensive paired texture reconstruction dataset covering realistic and diverse stylized domains. To the best of our knowledge, OMGTex is the first geometry-free inference framework that achieves robust, style-consistent, and editable facial texture reconstruction across diverse domains. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple facial texture benchmarks.
Generative diffusion models have revolutionized facial image synthesis, yet robust identity preservation in high resolution outputs remains a critical challenge. This issue is especially vital for security systems, biometric authentication, and privacy sensitive applications, where any drift in identity integrity can undermine trust and functionality. We introduce Diff-ID, a diffusion based framework that enforces identity consistency while delivering photorealistic quality. Central to our approach is a custom 210K image dataset synthesized from CelebA-HQ, FFHQ, and LAION-Face and captioned via a fine tuned BLIP model to bolster identity awareness during training. Diff-ID integrates ArcFace and CLIP embeddings through a dual cross attention adapter within a fine tuned Stable Diffusion UNet. To further reinforce identity fidelity, we propose a pseudo discriminator loss based on ArcFace cosine similarity with exponential timestep weighting. Experiments on held out and unseen faces show that Diff-ID does not exceed InstantID in raw ArcFace Face Similarity, but achieves substantially lower FID and the strongest FIQ based identity--realism trade off among the evaluated methods. We also present a unified DDIM based morphing pipeline that enables qualitative facial interpolation without per identity fine tuning. We further argue that identity preservation and photorealism should be evaluated jointly rather than in isolation, as high identity similarity alone does not guarantee realistic outputs. To make this trade off explicit, we report Face Image Quality (FIQ) as a complementary ratio based score that combines identity similarity and perceptual realism while keeping FS and FID as the primary metrics.
Suspect face generation remains a technical challenge in crime investigations. Traditional sketch-drawing workflows suffer from low efficiency and quality, while diffusion-based approaches still face intrinsic limitations on conditional ambiguity for text-to-image models and sampling variance for one-shot generation. We proposed IdentiFace, a novel diffusion-based framework for identifiable suspect face generation, which addressed these issues through (1) multi-modal input design to strengthen conditional control, and (2) an iterative generation pipeline enabling identifiable feature adjustment. We additionally contributed a facial identity loss and two task-specific datasets. Comprehensive experiments on synthetic datasets and in real-world scenarios indicate that IdentiFace achieves superior performance over existing methods, especially in terms of identity retrieval, and shows strong potential for practical applications.